Modification Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

In recent years, lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMn_xFe_1–xPO₄, LMFP) has attracted considerable interest, primarily because of its high energy density, remarkable thermal stability, and relatively low manufacturing costs, thus positioning it as a highly promising contender for the next generation of lithium-ion battery cathodes. However, low electronic conductivity and ionic diffusion rate of LMFP hinder its ability in rapid charging applications. Currently, systematic reviews on this topic are still relatively scarce, and thus the aim of this review is to offer a thorough summary of the advancements in research concerning LMFP cathode materials. This review focuses on the structural and performance characteristics of LMFP, along with the effects of various modification strategies on its electrochemical performance. An in-depth analysis is conducted on exotic element doping, surface coating, and material nanostructuring, with a focus on their mechanisms for improving the electrochemical characteristics of LMFP. In conclusion, the review outlines potential future development directions for LMFP in the realms of interface engineering and structural design. This review aims to provide valuable perspectives into the research and innovation of LMFP materials, promote the advancement of high-performance, low-cost LMFP cathode materials, and ultimately advance the technology and commercial applications of lithium-ion batteries.