Impacts of wildlife tourism based on felids: A systematic review

This systematic review examines the multifaceted impacts of felid-based tourism across ecological, social, and economic domains. Analysis reveals complex patterns of interaction between tourism operations and felid populations, with behavioral modifications, human-wildlife conflicts, and cultural-emblematic significance emerging as dominant themes. Research demonstrates pronounced geographical concentration in African and Asian contexts, with substantial taxonomic bias toward lions, leopards, and tigers. Evidence indicates predominantly negative ecological consequences from inadequate management frameworks, though some populations demonstrate remarkable resilience through adaptive behavioral strategies. While tourism generates substantial economic value and potentially catalyzes conservation initiatives, risks of overdependence and inequitable benefit distribution necessitate careful consideration. Human-felid conflict dynamics reveal intricate relationships with tourism development, where proper management can foster coexistence through economic alternatives and attitudinal changes. Tourism's contribution to scientific research and environmental education shows promise, particularly through citizen science initiatives, though systematic biases in research coverage warrant attention. Implementation of sustainable tourism frameworks requires comprehensive management protocols incorporating standardized monitoring systems, evidence-based viewing guidelines, and robust community engagement mechanisms. This synthesis provides foundation for evidence-based tourism management while illuminating critical pathways toward optimizing conservation outcomes through carefully balanced development approaches.