Electrifying tensions: Stakeholder narratives to electrification of industry and transport in Sweden

Large-scale electrification of industry and transport is central to the decarbonization of the energy sector. Rapid transformation of the existing electricity system, however, presents significant challenges. Using the Q-methodology, this study examines challenges to the electrification of industry and transport in Sweden from the viewpoints of key stakeholders. We identify three narratives that correspond to meta-challenges to electrification: 1) Procedural deadlocks, hindering the expansion of variable electricity production, 2) Competing political preferences, slowing the progress of electrification, and 3) Poor governance, hindering an effective electrification process. From these, we propose corresponding policy elements: 1) Streamlining the permitting process for electricity generation; 2) Fostering a fair but differentiated low-carbon policy mix; and 3) Recognizing multi-partisan benefits in the energy transition. These findings aim to support policymakers in developing effective decarbonization policies.