Osteosarcoma in Japan: report from the bone and soft tissue tumor registry 2006-2022.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Although previous studies reported genetic differences between younger and older patients, comprehensive nationwide data remain scarce. This study aimed to describe age-related differences in demographics, treatment, and survival using Japan's Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor (BSTT) Registry.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3446 osteosarcoma cases recorded in the BSTT Registry from 2006 to 2022. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were examined, with a focus on differences across age groups.

Results: The cohort showed a slight male predominance (57%) and bimodal age distribution peaking at 10-19 and 70-79 years. The proportion of patients aged ≥60 years increased from 16% (2006-2012) to 19% (2013-2022). The femur (46%) was the most common tumor site, but spine or pelvis involvement was more frequent in elderly patients. Nodal and distant metastases were more common in older adults (5% vs 2%, and 26% vs 17%, respectively). Patients aged <60 underwent surgery and chemotherapy more often (79% and 83%) compared to those aged ≥60 (61% and 47%). The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 64% overall, but markedly lower in the elderly (40%) than younger patients (70%). Key prognostic factors included histologic grade, metastasis status, tumor size, location, and surgical margins. DSS was slightly worse in recent years, though not statistically significant (P = 0.080).

Conclusions: This nationwide analysis highlights age-associated disparities in osteosarcoma care in Japan. Older patients receive less aggressive treatment and have poorer outcomes. These findings may inform healthcare planning in aging societies globally.

Level of evidence: Prognostic studies, Level III.