Designing a New Control Method to Improve the LFC Performance of the Multi-Area Power System Considering the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on Frequency Control

The presence of offshore wind farms (OWFs) reduces the inertia of the power system and jeopardizes its frequency stability. Considering virtual inertia control (VIC) for these farms improves the frequency stability and inertia in the power system. In this paper, the robust H∞ controller based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is designed to improve the frequency stability in the load–frequency control (LFC) of the power system by considering the effect of OWFs on frequency control. The proposed method is robust to disturbances (load and wind fluctuations) and uncertainties related to system parameters and can adapt to uncertainties. The robust H∞ controller is designed based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) and DRL optimizes the robust H∞ controller and will improve the overall performance of the system. To examine the performance of the proposed method (H∞–DRL), several scenarios have been considered and compared with DMPC and PID control methods. The results show the superiority of the proposed method, which has been able to reduce load and wind fluctuations, frequency deviations, and also power deviations of the tie-line between the lines of the multi-area power system.