基于ddqn的空修复机制UWSNs混合路由协议

IF 4.3 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Kaiyue Zhang;Yibing Li;Zhi Zhang;Fang Ye
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引用次数: 0

摘要

针对动态水下传感器网络(UWSNs)中由于网络稀疏性、节点移动性和定位困难等原因导致的主动路由协议投递率低和机会路由(OR)协议转发延迟高的问题,提出了一种基于双深度Q网络(DDQN)的混合路由协议HR-DDQN。该协议优先考虑主动转发,以减少保持延迟和能量消耗,并采用机会转发,以便在故障时进行路径修复。为了提高主动转发的成功率,采用DDQN对下一跳路由策略进行训练,同时考虑邻居距离、速度、深度和能量等因素,避免选择不可靠的转发目标。该方案利用节点主动运动的优势和声道轴良好的水声传播特性来设计空隙修复机制。当机会转发也不足以修复转发链路时,节点会主动调整自身深度进行连通性修复,从而提高稀疏网络中的路由投递率。在NS3上的仿真结果表明,与OR协议相比,该协议显著优化了稀疏网络中的分组传输速率,并且具有较低的转发延迟。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DDQN-Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for UWSNs With Void Repair Mechanism
To address the challenges of low delivery rate in proactive routing protocols and high forwarding delay in opportunistic routing (OR) protocols caused by network sparsity, node mobility, and localization difficulties in dynamic underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), this study proposes a hybrid routing protocol based on double deep Q network (DDQN), termed HR-DDQN. This protocol prioritizes proactive forwarding to reduce holding delay and energy consumption and employs opportunistic forwarding for path repair in case of failure. To improve the success rate of proactive forwarding, the proposed protocol uses DDQN to train the next-hop routing strategy, considering factors such as neighbor distance, speed, depth, and energy to avoid selecting unreliable forwarding targets. The protocol leverages the advantages of nodes’ active movement and the favorable hydroacoustic propagation properties of the sound channel axis to design a void repair mechanism. When even opportunistic forwarding is insufficient to repair the forwarding link, nodes actively adjust their depth for connectivity repair, thereby improving the route delivery rate in sparse networks. Simulations on NS3 demonstrate that the proposed protocol significantly optimizes packet delivery rates in sparse networks and has lower forwarding delay compared to OR protocols.
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来源期刊
IEEE Sensors Journal
IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
14.00%
发文量
2058
审稿时长
5.2 months
期刊介绍: The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice
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