土壤中乙酰乳酸合酶抑制除草剂残留对油菜和甜菜的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107290

Miroslav Jursík, Michaela Kolářová, Josef Kučera

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引用次数: 0

摘要

后续作物通常对抑制乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）的除草剂残留物敏感，特别是在碱性土壤中。本研究的主要目的是比较不同抗als残留除草剂对油菜生长的影响。甘蓝型油菜)和甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）在碱性土壤中的生长。在这方面，在2021-2023年期间在捷克共和国布拉格进行了三项实验。在春季，以1N -满、0.5N -半、0.05N -满5% 3种施用量，施用6种除草剂（脒磺隆、氯磺隆、异唑莫、丙氧卡巴酮、苯唑兰、磺磺隆）。施用后1个月和4个月，每块地一半种油菜，另一半种甜菜。在作物出苗后4周评估除草剂的植物毒性和地上生物量。试验年份的天气条件、除草剂使用、除草剂施用量以及除草剂施用量与作物播种之间的时间对两种作物的除草剂植物毒性和地上生物量都有影响。对油菜和甜菜分别施用氯磺隆和氯磺隆1个月（分别为97 - 100%和90 - 100%），对油菜和甜菜分别施用氯磺隆和氯磺隆1个月（分别为96 - 98%）的危害最大。吡虫胺对两种作物的危害最小（平均毒性为18%）。除草剂的植物毒性是第一次评估时的3倍，作物生物量几乎是第二次评估时的一半。甜菜对氯磺隆和磺胺磺隆的敏感性高于油菜，特别是在干燥条件下，0.05 N可使甜菜生物量减少20 - 60%。大多数测试的除草剂可能有残留效应，可能损害轮作作物，特别是如果在施用除草剂和/或播种作物后出现干旱期。

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Effect of residues of acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in soil on oil-seed rape and sugar beet

Subsequent crops are often sensitive to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide residues, particularly in alkaline soils. The main objective of this study was to compare the impact of different ALS-inhibiting residual herbicides on growth of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in alkaline soil. In this regard, three experiments were conducted in Prague, Czech Republic, during 2021–2023. In spring, six herbicides (amidosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, imazamox, propoxycarbazone, pyroxsulam, sulfosulfuron) were applied at three application rates (1N - full, 0.5N - half, and 0.05N - 5 % of full). One and four months after application, half of each plot was sown with oilseed rape, and the other half was sown with sugar beet. Herbicide phytotoxicity and aboveground biomass were assessed four weeks after crop emergence. Weather conditions during experimental years, herbicides used, herbicide application rates and the period between herbicide application and crop sowing affected herbicide phytotoxicity and aboveground biomass of both crops. The most damaging effects were recorded with the application of chlorsulfuron for oilseed rape (phytotoxicity was 96–98 % at one month after 1N application) and sulfosulfuron and chlorsulfuron for sugar beet (phytotoxicity was 97–100 % and 90–100 %, respectively). Pyroxsulam caused the least damage to both the crops (average phytotoxicity was 18 %). Herbicide phytotoxicity was 3-times higher, and crop biomass was almost half as much as at the first assessment compared to the second assessment. Sugar beet was more sensitive than oilseed rape to chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, especially in dry conditions, where 0.05 N rates caused biomass reduction of 20–60 % in sugar beet. Most of the tested herbicides could have residual effect that likely damages crops in rotation, particularly if a dry period occurs after the application of herbicides and/or sowing of crops.

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来源期刊

Crop Protection 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

3.60%

发文量

200

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics: -Abiotic damage- Agronomic control methods- Assessment of pest and disease damage- Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases- Biological control- Biorational pesticides- Control of animal pests of world crops- Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms- Control of weeds and integrated management- Economic considerations- Effects of plant growth regulators- Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use- Environmental effects of pesticides- Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control- GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications- Importance and control of postharvest crop losses- Integrated control- Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies- Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection- Pesticide application methods- Pest management- Phytobiomes for pest and disease control- Resistance management- Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.