{"title":"黄荆甲醇提取物绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒及其对结直肠癌的抗癌作用。","authors":"Kumaresan Kowsalya, Gayathiri Gunasangkaran, Jayachandran Halka, Eswaramoorthy Dharani, Muthukrishnan Saradhadevi, Arumugam Vijaya Anand, Muthukrishnan Anand, Packiaraj Gurusaravanan, Giridharan Bupesh, Muthukrishnan Arun","doi":"10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vitex negundo</i> is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer properties, particularly its effectiveness in targeting apoptosis-related cancer pathways. Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, often requiring alternative therapies involving plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using <i>V. negundo</i> leaves (VnZnONP) and confirm their formation through characterization studies. Further, the anticancer efficacy of VnZnONPs was also evaluated in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using methanolic leaf extract of <i>V. negundo</i> (MeVn), which contained nearly 39 phytocompounds, identified in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UV-vis spectroscopy showed a prominent peak at 374 nm, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a size distribution peaking at 452.5 nm. In SEM analysis, the spherical-shaped morphology with random distribution was observed. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen, and zeta potential analysis showed a + 41.4 mV charge, indicating stable nanoparticles. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as aliphatic, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcohols, and amides. In the DPPH assay, VnZnONP at 100 µg/ml exhibited 87.96% antioxidant activity, significantly higher than MeVn (39.89%). VnZnONPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 60.56 µg/ml. In addition, DAPI staining confirmed nuclear damage, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining indicated early and late apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of <i>Jab1</i> and <i>Bcl2</i>, and upregulation of <i>Bax</i>, <i>Caspase-3</i>, and <i>Caspase-9</i>. This study demonstrates that <i>V. negundo</i>-based ZnO nanoparticles can promote apoptosis and can serve as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":10890,"journal":{"name":"Cytotechnology","volume":"77 3","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125431/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using <i>Vitex negundo</i> methanolic extract and its anticancer efficacy in colorectal cancer.\",\"authors\":\"Kumaresan Kowsalya, Gayathiri Gunasangkaran, Jayachandran Halka, Eswaramoorthy Dharani, Muthukrishnan Saradhadevi, Arumugam Vijaya Anand, Muthukrishnan Anand, Packiaraj Gurusaravanan, Giridharan Bupesh, Muthukrishnan Arun\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Vitex negundo</i> is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer properties, particularly its effectiveness in targeting apoptosis-related cancer pathways. Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, often requiring alternative therapies involving plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using <i>V. negundo</i> leaves (VnZnONP) and confirm their formation through characterization studies. Further, the anticancer efficacy of VnZnONPs was also evaluated in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using methanolic leaf extract of <i>V. negundo</i> (MeVn), which contained nearly 39 phytocompounds, identified in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UV-vis spectroscopy showed a prominent peak at 374 nm, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a size distribution peaking at 452.5 nm. In SEM analysis, the spherical-shaped morphology with random distribution was observed. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen, and zeta potential analysis showed a + 41.4 mV charge, indicating stable nanoparticles. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as aliphatic, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcohols, and amides. In the DPPH assay, VnZnONP at 100 µg/ml exhibited 87.96% antioxidant activity, significantly higher than MeVn (39.89%). VnZnONPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 60.56 µg/ml. In addition, DAPI staining confirmed nuclear damage, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining indicated early and late apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of <i>Jab1</i> and <i>Bcl2</i>, and upregulation of <i>Bax</i>, <i>Caspase-3</i>, and <i>Caspase-9</i>. This study demonstrates that <i>V. negundo</i>-based ZnO nanoparticles can promote apoptosis and can serve as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10890,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cytotechnology\",\"volume\":\"77 3\",\"pages\":\"112\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125431/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cytotechnology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/5/30 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cytotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/30 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Vitex negundo methanolic extract and its anticancer efficacy in colorectal cancer.
Vitex negundo is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer properties, particularly its effectiveness in targeting apoptosis-related cancer pathways. Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, often requiring alternative therapies involving plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using V. negundo leaves (VnZnONP) and confirm their formation through characterization studies. Further, the anticancer efficacy of VnZnONPs was also evaluated in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using methanolic leaf extract of V. negundo (MeVn), which contained nearly 39 phytocompounds, identified in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UV-vis spectroscopy showed a prominent peak at 374 nm, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a size distribution peaking at 452.5 nm. In SEM analysis, the spherical-shaped morphology with random distribution was observed. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen, and zeta potential analysis showed a + 41.4 mV charge, indicating stable nanoparticles. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as aliphatic, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcohols, and amides. In the DPPH assay, VnZnONP at 100 µg/ml exhibited 87.96% antioxidant activity, significantly higher than MeVn (39.89%). VnZnONPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 60.56 µg/ml. In addition, DAPI staining confirmed nuclear damage, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining indicated early and late apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of Jab1 and Bcl2, and upregulation of Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. This study demonstrates that V. negundo-based ZnO nanoparticles can promote apoptosis and can serve as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x.
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The scope of the Journal includes:
1. The derivation, genetic modification and characterization of cell lines, genetic and phenotypic regulation, control of cellular metabolism, cell physiology and biochemistry related to cell function, performance and expression of cell products.
2. Cell culture techniques, substrates, environmental requirements and optimization, cloning, hybridization and molecular biology, including genomic and proteomic tools.
3. Cell culture systems, processes, reactors, scale-up, and industrial production. Descriptions of the design or construction of equipment, media or quality control procedures, that are ancillary to cellular research.
4. The application of animal/human cells in research in the field of stem cell research including maintenance of stemness, differentiation, genetics, and senescence, cancer research, research in immunology, as well as applications in tissue engineering and gene therapy.
5. The use of cell cultures as a substrate for bioassays, biomedical applications and in particular as a replacement for animal models.
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