Integrative Insights into Huqna (Enema) Therapy: Unani and Modern Paradigms.

Background: The Unani system of medicine is rooted in the Theory of Humors, where health is maintained through the balance of four bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, bile, and black bile). Its treatment approach is holistic, encompassing Ilaj bil Tadbeer (Regimental therapy), Ilaj bil Ghida (Dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), and Ilaj bil Yad (Surgery). Huqna (enema) is a key non-pharmacological regimen therapy in Unani medicine, used to cleanse the bowels and restore humoral balance. Its roots trace back to ancient Greek physicians like Hippocrates and Galen.

Objectives: This integrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Huqna therapy, exploring its historical, philosophical, and practical aspects while bridging traditional Unani practices with modern medical paradigms.

Materials and methods: A review of classical Unani literature and modern scientific sources was conducted. Historical texts were analyzed alongside contemporary studies on enema therapy in modern medicine. Relevant English-language literature up to 2024 was evaluated.

Results: The study highlights the definition, principles, and therapeutic applications of Huqna in traditional Unani medicine and compares them with the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of enemas in modern healthcare. Key convergences include their shared utility in managing bowel disorders and inflammatory conditions, while divergences emerge in procedural advancements and safety considerations.

Conclusion: Huqna therapy demonstrates significant potential as a complementary approach in modern healthcare. However, further research is needed to validate its efficacy and address limitations. This analysis fosters a deeper understanding of Huqna therapy, encouraging its integration into contemporary medical practice.

Keywords: Huqna, Enema, Unani Medicine, Integrative Medicine, Traditional Therapy.