有机摩擦改进剂在生物加氢柴油润滑中的摩擦化学研究

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI:10.1016/j.clet.2025.101008

Paweekan Hansungnoen , Ekarong Sukjit , Anawat Phatthanaphon , Atthaphon Maneedaeng

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引用次数: 0

摘要

全球能源安全和环境问题推动了可再生燃料技术的发展。生物加氢柴油（BHD）是通过生物质原料的催化加氢生产的，具有与石油基柴油相当的燃烧特性。然而，在生产过程中去除含氧化合物会显著降低其边界润滑性，导致燃油喷射系统的摩擦和磨损增加。本研究系统研究了分子结构对有机摩擦改性剂（OFMs）摩擦学性能的影响，重点研究了官能团效应和烃链构型。使用符合ISO 12156-1:2018标准的高频往复钻机（HFRR）测试，测量了五种不同ofm在0.1%至1.0%重量浓度下的摩擦系数和磨损疤痕直径。采用多种技术进行表面分析，包括3D激光显微镜、SEM-EDS和FT-IR光谱，以表征润滑膜的形成和摩擦化学相互作用。研究结果表明，与纯BHD相比，羧基功能化ofm，特别是硬脂酸，具有最高的摩擦学效率，摩擦系数降低57%（从0.296降至0.126），磨损疤痕直径降低70%（从515 μm降至155 μm）。在减少摩擦和磨损方面，建立了一个清晰的功能组有效性等级排名：COOH >；-CONH2祝辞-哦比;-COOR，极性头基化学比烃尾结构起更大的作用。此外，该研究强调了分子结构的影响，表明饱和ofm（硬脂酸）优于不饱和ofm（油酸），因为它们能够形成致密、有凝聚力的边界膜，从而降低13%的摩擦和9%的磨损疤痕。这些发现为优化石蜡类生物燃料中的ofm提供了分子水平的设计见解，支持了下一代添加剂的开发，以增强BHD的润滑性和发动机耐久性。

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Tribochemistry of organic friction modifiers in lubrication of bio-hydrogenated diesel

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Tribochemistry of organic friction modifiers in lubrication of bio-hydrogenated diesel

Global energy security and environmental concerns have driven the advancement of renewable fuel technologies. Bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD), produced via catalytic hydrogenation of biomass feedstocks, exhibits combustion characteristics comparable to those of petroleum-based diesel. However, the removal of oxygen-containing compounds during production significantly reduces its boundary lubricity, leading to increased friction and wear in fuel injection systems. This study systematically investigates the influence of molecular structure on the tribological performance of organic friction modifiers (OFMs) in BHD, with a focus on functional group effects and hydrocarbon chain configuration. Using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) testing in accordance with ISO 12156–1:2018, friction coefficients and wear scar diameters were measured for five distinct OFMs at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 % by weight. A multi-technique surface analysis-including 3D laser microscopy, SEM-EDS, and FT-IR spectroscopy-was conducted to characterize lubrication film formation and tribochemical interactions. The findings reveal that carboxyl-functionalized OFMs, particularly stearic acid, achieved the highest tribological efficiency, reducing the friction coefficient by 57 % (from 0.296 to 0.126) and the wear scar diameter by 70 % (from 515 μm to 155 μm) compared to pure BHD. A clear hierarchical ranking of functional group effectiveness in reducing friction and wear was established: COOH > –CONH₂ > –OH > –COOR, with polar head group chemistry playing a more dominant role than hydrocarbon tail configuration. Additionally, the study highlights the effect of molecular structure, demonstrating that saturated OFMs (stearic acid) outperformed unsaturated counterparts (oleic acid) due to their ability to form compact, cohesive boundary films, resulting in 13 % lower friction and 9 % smaller wear scars. These findings provide molecular-level design insights for optimizing OFMs in paraffinic biofuels, supporting the development of next-generation additives to enhance BHD lubricity and engine durability.

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