新冠肺炎大流行期间西南地区8062名农村儿童系列常规疫苗接种及时性和完全性：1094个村的多阶段分层整群抽样调查

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127346

Xin-xuan Hu , Ze-zhen Qin , Zhi-yang Mo , Rui Wang , Lin Zhao , Jun-jie Ye , Xiao-hong Ma , Xian-yan Tang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行打乱了常规疫苗接种，以往的研究显示许多地区常规疫苗接种覆盖率下降，但没有研究对中国农村在这场免疫危机中常规疫苗接种的及时性和完整性给予足够关注。本研究评估了中国农村儿童连续常规疫苗接种的及时性和完整性，旨在发现大流行的影响，并为进一步的免疫补充活动提供证据。方法对广西农村8404例9 ~ 48月龄儿童进行多阶段分层聚类调查。我们从儿童的疫苗接种证明中获取疫苗接种状况，通过加权估计分析计算出常规疫苗接种的及时疫苗接种覆盖率、完全疫苗接种覆盖率、及时完全疫苗接种覆盖率和95% CI。加权Kaplan-Meier分析用于估计中位延迟期，并计算系列疫苗的完全覆盖率和及时性和完全覆盖率。结果2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，常规疫苗每剂总接种率均在90%以上，但及时接种率不理想（三联疫苗接种率为43.86%，OPV3接种率为41.22%）。多剂疫苗的完全疫苗接种率在90%以上，但及时完全疫苗接种率低于70%，最低的为DTP1-4的32.87%，最高的为MCV1-2的64.34%。HepB1、OPV2、OPV3、DTP1、DTP2、DTP3、DTP4和MCV2的中位延迟时间比新冠肺炎前延长，尤其是HepB1从1天延长至20天。2019年出生的儿童总体疫苗接种覆盖率、及时疫苗接种覆盖率和完全疫苗接种覆盖率低于2020年和2021年出生队列。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间，中国农村疫苗接种及时性和完整性不及预期。疫苗接种延迟仍然是一个重大问题，在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，这一问题进一步加剧。

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Timeliness and completeness of serial routine vaccinations among 8062 rural children in southwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling survey in 1094 villages

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine vaccination, previous studies had revealed the drop on routine-vaccination coverage in many areas, but no study gave considerable attention to the timeliness and completeness of routine vaccination in rural China at this immunization crisis. This study assessed the timeliness and completeness of serial routine vaccinations among children in rural China, aimed to discover the impact of the pandemic, and provide evidence for further immunization catch-up and supplementary immunization activities.

Methods

We conducted a multi-stage stratified cluster survey among 8404 children aged 9–48 months in rural Guangxi. We obtained the vaccination status from the child's vaccination certificate and calculated timely vaccination coverage, complete vaccination coverage, timely-and-complete vaccination coverage, and 95 % CI for routine vaccination through weighted estimation analysis. Weighted Kaplan-Meier analyses were applied to estimate the median delay periods, and complete coverage and timely-and-complete coverage for serial vaccines were calculated.

Results

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall vaccination coverage for every dose of routine vaccines was over 90 %, but timely vaccination coverage was unsatisfactory (43.86 % for DPT3 and 41.22 % for OPV3). The complete vaccination coverage of multi-dose vaccines was above 90 %, but the timely-and-complete vaccination coverage was lower than 70 %, ranging from the lowest of 32.87 % for DTP1–4 to the highest of 64.34 % for MCV1–2. The median delayed periods for HepB1, OPV2, OPV3, DTP1, DTP2, DTP3, DTP4, and MCV2 were longer than those in the pre-COVID era, especially for HepB1, which extended from 1 to 20 days. The coverage of overall vaccination, timely vaccination, and complete vaccination for children born in 2019 was lower than those in the 2020 and 2021 birth cohorts.

Conclusions

The timeliness and completeness of vaccination in rural China fell short of expectations during the COVID era. Delayed vaccination remains a significant concern and has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

期刊介绍： Vaccine is unique in publishing the highest quality science across all disciplines relevant to the field of vaccinology - all original article submissions across basic and clinical research, vaccine manufacturing, history, public policy, behavioral science and ethics, social sciences, safety, and many other related areas are welcomed. The submission categories as given in the Guide for Authors indicate where we receive the most papers. Papers outside these major areas are also welcome and authors are encouraged to contact us with specific questions.