精度不受热力学第二定律的限制

IF 17.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Florian Meier, Yuri Minoguchi, Simon Sundelin, Tony J. G. Apollaro, Paul Erker, Simone Gasparinetti, Marcus Huber
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引用次数: 0

摘要

不平衡运行的物理设备受到热波动的影响,限制了它们的运行精度。这个问题在微观和量子尺度上尤其明显,在这些尺度上,它的缓解需要额外的熵耗散。理解这个约束对于基础物理和技术设计都很重要。例如,时钟需要一个接近平衡的热力学通量来测量时间,从而使每个时钟滴答的熵耗散最小。尽管经典和量子模型经常显示精度和耗散之间的线性关系,但这种关系的最终界限仍然不清楚。在这里,我们提出了一个自主量子多体时钟模型,该模型实现了随熵耗散指数缩放的时钟精度。这是通过定制耦合的自旋链中的相干输运实现的,其中耗散仅限于单个环节。结果表明,相干量子动力学可以超越传统的热力学精度极限,有可能指导未来高精度、低耗散量子器件的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Precision is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics

Precision is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics

Physical devices operating out of equilibrium are affected by thermal fluctuations, limiting their operational precision. This issue is particularly pronounced at microscopic and quantum scales, where its mitigation requires additional entropy dissipation. Understanding this constraint is important for both fundamental physics and technological design. Clocks, for example, need a thermodynamic flux towards equilibrium to measure time, resulting in a minimum entropy dissipation per clock tick. Although classical and quantum models often show a linear relationship between precision and dissipation, the ultimate bounds on this relationship remain unclear. Here we present an autonomous quantum many-body clock model that achieves clock precision that scales exponentially with entropy dissipation. This is enabled by coherent transport in a spin chain with tailored couplings, where dissipation is confined to a single link. The result demonstrates that coherent quantum dynamics can surpass the traditional thermodynamic precision limits, potentially guiding the development of future high-precision, low-dissipation quantum devices.

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来源期刊
Nature Physics
Nature Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
30.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
349
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Physics is dedicated to publishing top-tier original research in physics with a fair and rigorous review process. It provides high visibility and access to a broad readership, maintaining high standards in copy editing and production, ensuring rapid publication, and maintaining independence from academic societies and other vested interests. The journal presents two main research paper formats: Letters and Articles. Alongside primary research, Nature Physics serves as a central source for valuable information within the physics community through Review Articles, News & Views, Research Highlights covering crucial developments across the physics literature, Commentaries, Book Reviews, and Correspondence.
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