Vector-Borne mites of medical and veterinary importance: biology, ecology, and control strategies.

Background: Mites, encompassing medically and veterinary important species, are significant vectors of various pathogens, thereby presenting substantial challenges to public health and agriculture. Understanding their biology and control is critical for managing associated health risks and economic burdens.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and control strategies of mites, with particular emphasis on their role in disease transmission and current challenges in their management.

Methods: A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted focusing on mite biology, ecological interactions, and control approaches. Strategies examined included chemical control, biological control agents, and integrated pest management (IPM), with evaluation of their effectiveness and associated limitations.

Results: Control of mites is increasingly compromised by the development of acaricide resistance. Environmental factors, especially climate change, significantly influence mite distribution and population dynamics. While IPM and biological control agents offer promising alternatives, critical gaps remain in understanding the molecular basis of resistance and the ecological consequences of environmental change on mite-vector relationships.

Conclusions: Effective and sustainable mite control requires a shift towards integrated approaches that combine biological insights with environmentally informed management strategies. Future research should target molecular resistance mechanisms and the broader ecological context of mite-borne diseases to inform policy and intervention efforts.