The Role of Novel Biomarkers in the Early Management of Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy.

Diabetes can frequently result in peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN), a lifethreatening illness that impairs the motor and sensory abilities of peripheral nerves. Prompt identification and management of peripheral neuropathy are essential to avert permanent nerve impairment and enhance the well-being of affected individuals. In addition, axonal degeneration is usually detected at a late stage of the disease and serves as a basis for developing modern diagnostic techniques. Novel biomarkers that can detect PDN early and track its development are thus required. In this review, we highlight the most recent developments in identifying and verifying putative biomarkers for PDN, emphasizing their connections to the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of the illness. The challenges and opportunities for developing biomarker-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PDN are also discussed. It is suggested that biomarkers help predict the response and outcome of PDN treatments, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and regenerative medicine.