Technologies of tradition: A compositional and technological characterisation of pottery production at Late Bronze Age Enkomi, Cyprus

The Late Bronze Age in Cyprus (c. 1680/1650–1050 BCE) marked significant economic, political, and social transformation, evident in new settlement patterns, urbanisation, craft specialisation, and growing ties with the Eastern Mediterranean. Enkomi, located on Cyprus’ eastern coast, exemplifies these developments, evolving into a major urbanised settlement during the Late Cypriot Bronze Age. Despite extensive excavations, much of the site’s early history remains underexplored (c. 1680/50–1350 BCE), with limited research addressing the formative phases of this significant settlement.

This study builds on prior research by conducting a comprehensive technological and compositional analysis of ceramics from Enkomi’s early phases, focusing on what are perceived as locally produced wares (Plain White, Red/Black Slip, and White Painted Wheel-Made). By combining macroscopic, petrographic, and geochemical analyses, this study uncovers long-standing clay preparation traditions. The findings offer a refined understanding of local production choices, revealing that potters adhered to shared technological practices despite chronological, stylistic and technological changes. This research fills a critical gap by establishing a robust baseline for identifying local ceramic production at Enkomi and its local traditions, enabling more accurate future interpretations of ceramic production organisation, commodity circulation, and cultural exchange as well as technological evolution in Cyprus during the LBA.