Autonomous All-in-One Patch for Closed-Loop Diagnosis–Therapy of Melanoma

Early diagnosis, long-term monitoring, and precise therapy of melanoma are hampered by insufficient medical resources, significantly impacting the reduction of melanoma mortality rates and the mitigation of therapy-induced side effects. As an ideal autonomous all-in-one patch for long-term precision medicine on melanoma, several units, including sensing, drug delivery, power supply, and smart control, are required. Here, a microneedle-based sensing and drug release unit, a flexible printed-circuit board (FPCB)-based smart control platform, and a flexible Zn–air battery are integrated as an autonomous diagnosis–therapy system. This system can be used to detect melanoma chemical markers in real time and controllably release drugs. Melanoma can be sensitively diagnosed (accuracy >95.5% after the second day) and monitored through detecting tyrosinase (TYR) in the interstitial fluid. This melanoma diagnosis–therapy system shows excellent treatment effects (tumor inhibitory rate >70%) and minor side effects characterized by negligible skin damage compared to overtreatment, and this system might shed a new light on the closed-loop diagnosis–therapy of melanoma.