[Early gestational diabetes mellitus : from diagnostic uncertainty to clinical management].

Universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recommended between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Untreated GDM is associated with perinatal complications for both mother and child, including an increased risk of macrosomia, dystocia, and preeclampsia, as well as a long-term increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the mother. When GDM is diagnosed early in pregnancy (in the first trimester), it is associated with more frequent and severe perinatal complications (respiratory distress, jaundice, prematurity) and an increased long-term risk of type 2 diabetes in the mother. From a prevention and public health perspective, it is therefore essential to detect early GDM in at-risk populations to prevent these complications. The management of early GDM is multidisciplinary.