Risk factors and awareness of tobacco smoking and second-hand smoke exposure among pregnant women in Taiwan.

Objectives: Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health concern, posing serious risks to both maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to identify factors associated with smoking, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, and knowledge of smoking hazards and cessation counseling services during pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,052 pregnant women receiving prenatal care from 2016 to 2022. Maternal characteristics, smoking status, SHS exposure, and knowledge of smoking risks and cessation services were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Approximately 5.6 % of participants were current smokers. Smoking was more prevalent among unmarried women, those with low income, multigravida, and women with overweight/obesity (p<0.05). SHS exposure was reported by 19.9 % of participants, with higher rates among women with low income and immigrant status (p<0.05). While 99.2 % of participants were aware of the risks of smoking to maternal and infant health, awareness was significantly lower among immigrant women (p<0.05). Additionally, 96.3 % of participants were aware of smoking cessation counseling services, but lower awareness levels were observed in women aged≥35 years, unmarried women, and immigrant women (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors such as low income and immigrant status are strongly associated with smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy. To address these disparities, hospitals should prioritize tailored prenatal education and counseling services. Emphasizing the risks of smoking to maternal and infant health can promote healthier pregnancies, especially in underserved rural areas.