Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, Samuel S. Urlacher, Melissa A. Liebert, Felicia C. Madimenos, Richard G. Bribiescas, Geeta Eick, Christopher Harrington, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, J. Josh Snodgrass
{"title":"土壤传播的蠕虫和免疫调节的复杂性：来自亚马逊厄瓜多尔的证据为老朋友假说中考虑物种特异性效应的重要性","authors":"Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, Samuel S. Urlacher, Melissa A. Liebert, Felicia C. Madimenos, Richard G. Bribiescas, Geeta Eick, Christopher Harrington, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, J. Josh Snodgrass","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70076","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, <i>Ascaris</i> infected, <i>Trichuris</i> infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, IL-6 was positively correlated with IgE in <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and with CRP in <i>Trichuris</i>-infected individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting its role in differentiating between immunoregulation and inflammation based on species-specific infections.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Immune biomarkers varied by infection status: <i>Ascaris</i> infection may downregulate and <i>Trichuris</i> infection may exacerbate systemic inflammation. These preliminary findings suggest that STH species must be considered separately within the OFH.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis\",\"authors\":\"Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Theresa E. Gildner, Samuel S. Urlacher, Melissa A. Liebert, Felicia C. Madimenos, Richard G. Bribiescas, Geeta Eick, Christopher Harrington, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, J. Josh Snodgrass\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajhb.70076\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, <i>Ascaris</i> infected, <i>Trichuris</i> infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. <i>Ascaris</i>-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (<i>p</i> < 0.05). 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Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis
Objectives
The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.
Methods
One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, Ascaris infected, Trichuris infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.
Results
On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. Ascaris-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (p < 0.05). Notably, IL-6 was positively correlated with IgE in Ascaris-infected individuals (p < 0.05) and with CRP in Trichuris-infected individuals (p < 0.05), highlighting its role in differentiating between immunoregulation and inflammation based on species-specific infections.
Conclusions
Immune biomarkers varied by infection status: Ascaris infection may downregulate and Trichuris infection may exacerbate systemic inflammation. These preliminary findings suggest that STH species must be considered separately within the OFH.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association.
The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field.
The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology.
Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification.
The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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