Josiel Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Raimundo da Cruz e Silva, Orcylene Barbosa dos Reis, Amildon Moura Assunção, Anderson Sampaio da Silva, Helio Bezerra da Silva, Jailson Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Josimary Abreu Nunes, Micaele Souza Santos Kleme, Paulo Passos Ferreira, Ronald Txakui Viana da Silva Juruna, Rosilene Sousa dos Santos, Sara Rodrigues Lima, Sebastião Bezerra Lima, Tarukawa Juruna da Cruz Pereira, Adriano Quaresma, Alexya Cunha de Queiroz, André Oliveira Sawakuchi, Camila Cherem Ribas, Camila Duarte Ritter, Cristiane Costa Carneiro, Eder Mileno Silva De Paula, Gabriela Zuquim, Helena Palmquist, Ingo Wahnfried, Jandessa Silva de Jesus, Janice Muriel-Cunha, Jansen Zuanon, Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti, Marksuel Sandro Silva de Medeiros, Priscila F. M. Lopes, Thais Regina Mantovanelli
{"title":"土著和里贝里尼奥监测揭示的贝罗蒙特水电站的社会环境影响","authors":"Josiel Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Raimundo da Cruz e Silva, Orcylene Barbosa dos Reis, Amildon Moura Assunção, Anderson Sampaio da Silva, Helio Bezerra da Silva, Jailson Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Josimary Abreu Nunes, Micaele Souza Santos Kleme, Paulo Passos Ferreira, Ronald Txakui Viana da Silva Juruna, Rosilene Sousa dos Santos, Sara Rodrigues Lima, Sebastião Bezerra Lima, Tarukawa Juruna da Cruz Pereira, Adriano Quaresma, Alexya Cunha de Queiroz, André Oliveira Sawakuchi, Camila Cherem Ribas, Camila Duarte Ritter, Cristiane Costa Carneiro, Eder Mileno Silva De Paula, Gabriela Zuquim, Helena Palmquist, Ingo Wahnfried, Jandessa Silva de Jesus, Janice Muriel-Cunha, Jansen Zuanon, Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti, Marksuel Sandro Silva de Medeiros, Priscila F. M. Lopes, Thais Regina Mantovanelli","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70043","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydroelectric dams, once seen as clean and renewable energy sources, have been the subject of extensive research, particularly concerning their socioenvironmental impacts. The Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant (HPP) relies on the operation of 2 dams that divert water from a 130-km stretch of the Xingu River to generate energy. The dam has disrupted the seasonal flooding cycle (flood pulse) along the Volta Grande do Xingu (VGX) and created a reduced discharge condition analogous to a prolonged and extreme dry season in the watershed. Before the Belo Monte HPP, local communities relied on the highly diverse and abundant fish assemblage supported by seasonal flooding of the ecosystem. Local VGX residents sought partnerships and established the Independent Territorial Environmental Monitoring Program (MATI-VGX). Through this program, locals monitored fish spawning sites and fishing dynamics. This monitoring complemented and quantified local communities’ perceptions about the environmental impacts caused by the Belo Monte HPP. The HPP was associated with a water discharge shortage that critically undermined the river's capacity to sustain vital ecosystem processes that support local people's lives. Drastic transformations of traditional lifestyles, shifts in fishing practices, and a significant decline in fishing yield occurred that jeopardized food sovereignty and security. The Belo Monte HPP environmental licensing process ignored local ecological knowledge and the vital links among the river's flood pulse, the aquatic and seasonally flooded ecosystems, and the traditional lifestyles of VGX residents. To ensure the ecological sustainability of the VGX, the Belo Monte HPP operation needs to change to support key spawning areas, maintain water discharge, avoid short-term water fluctuations, and emulate natural interannual discharge variability to mitigate flood pulse disruption. Local ecological knowledge should never be ignored in projects where local communities are the most affected. These communities should be central in decision-making regarding socioenvironmental impact assessment, mitigation, and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Socioenvironmental impacts of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant as revealed by Indigenous and ribeirinho monitoring\",\"authors\":\"Josiel Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Raimundo da Cruz e Silva, Orcylene Barbosa dos Reis, Amildon Moura Assunção, Anderson Sampaio da Silva, Helio Bezerra da Silva, Jailson Jacinto Pereira Juruna, Josimary Abreu Nunes, Micaele Souza Santos Kleme, Paulo Passos Ferreira, Ronald Txakui Viana da Silva Juruna, Rosilene Sousa dos Santos, Sara Rodrigues Lima, Sebastião Bezerra Lima, Tarukawa Juruna da Cruz Pereira, Adriano Quaresma, Alexya Cunha de Queiroz, André Oliveira Sawakuchi, Camila Cherem Ribas, Camila Duarte Ritter, Cristiane Costa Carneiro, Eder Mileno Silva De Paula, Gabriela Zuquim, Helena Palmquist, Ingo Wahnfried, Jandessa Silva de Jesus, Janice Muriel-Cunha, Jansen Zuanon, Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti, Marksuel Sandro Silva de Medeiros, Priscila F. M. Lopes, Thais Regina Mantovanelli\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/cobi.70043\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Hydroelectric dams, once seen as clean and renewable energy sources, have been the subject of extensive research, particularly concerning their socioenvironmental impacts. The Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant (HPP) relies on the operation of 2 dams that divert water from a 130-km stretch of the Xingu River to generate energy. The dam has disrupted the seasonal flooding cycle (flood pulse) along the Volta Grande do Xingu (VGX) and created a reduced discharge condition analogous to a prolonged and extreme dry season in the watershed. Before the Belo Monte HPP, local communities relied on the highly diverse and abundant fish assemblage supported by seasonal flooding of the ecosystem. Local VGX residents sought partnerships and established the Independent Territorial Environmental Monitoring Program (MATI-VGX). Through this program, locals monitored fish spawning sites and fishing dynamics. This monitoring complemented and quantified local communities’ perceptions about the environmental impacts caused by the Belo Monte HPP. The HPP was associated with a water discharge shortage that critically undermined the river's capacity to sustain vital ecosystem processes that support local people's lives. Drastic transformations of traditional lifestyles, shifts in fishing practices, and a significant decline in fishing yield occurred that jeopardized food sovereignty and security. The Belo Monte HPP environmental licensing process ignored local ecological knowledge and the vital links among the river's flood pulse, the aquatic and seasonally flooded ecosystems, and the traditional lifestyles of VGX residents. To ensure the ecological sustainability of the VGX, the Belo Monte HPP operation needs to change to support key spawning areas, maintain water discharge, avoid short-term water fluctuations, and emulate natural interannual discharge variability to mitigate flood pulse disruption. Local ecological knowledge should never be ignored in projects where local communities are the most affected. These communities should be central in decision-making regarding socioenvironmental impact assessment, mitigation, and monitoring.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10689,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Conservation Biology\",\"volume\":\"39 3\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Conservation Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.70043\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Conservation Biology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.70043","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
水电大坝,一度被视为清洁和可再生能源,一直是广泛研究的主题,特别是关于其社会环境影响。贝罗蒙特水电站(HPP)依靠两座大坝的运行,从130公里长的新谷河引水发电。大坝破坏了沿Volta Grande do Xingu (VGX)的季节性洪水周期(洪水脉冲),并造成了类似于流域长时间极端旱季的减少流量条件。在贝罗蒙特HPP之前,当地社区依赖于生态系统季节性洪水支持的高度多样化和丰富的鱼类组合。当地的VGX居民寻求伙伴关系,并建立了独立的领土环境监测计划(matii -VGX)。通过这个项目,当地人监测鱼类产卵地点和渔业动态。这一监测补充并量化了当地社区对贝罗蒙特高压发电厂造成的环境影响的看法。HPP与水排放短缺有关,严重破坏了河流维持支持当地人民生活的重要生态系统过程的能力。传统生活方式的急剧转变、捕捞方式的转变以及捕捞产量的显著下降危及了粮食主权和安全。贝罗蒙特HPP环境许可过程忽视了当地的生态知识和河流洪水脉动、水生和季节性洪水生态系统以及VGX居民传统生活方式之间的重要联系。为了确保VGX的生态可持续性,Belo Monte HPP的操作需要改变,以支持关键的产卵区,维持水的排放,避免短期的水波动,并模拟自然的年际流量变化,以减轻洪水脉冲的破坏。在受当地社区影响最大的项目中,绝不能忽视当地的生态知识。这些社区应在社会环境影响评估、缓解和监测方面的决策中发挥核心作用。
Socioenvironmental impacts of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant as revealed by Indigenous and ribeirinho monitoring
Hydroelectric dams, once seen as clean and renewable energy sources, have been the subject of extensive research, particularly concerning their socioenvironmental impacts. The Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant (HPP) relies on the operation of 2 dams that divert water from a 130-km stretch of the Xingu River to generate energy. The dam has disrupted the seasonal flooding cycle (flood pulse) along the Volta Grande do Xingu (VGX) and created a reduced discharge condition analogous to a prolonged and extreme dry season in the watershed. Before the Belo Monte HPP, local communities relied on the highly diverse and abundant fish assemblage supported by seasonal flooding of the ecosystem. Local VGX residents sought partnerships and established the Independent Territorial Environmental Monitoring Program (MATI-VGX). Through this program, locals monitored fish spawning sites and fishing dynamics. This monitoring complemented and quantified local communities’ perceptions about the environmental impacts caused by the Belo Monte HPP. The HPP was associated with a water discharge shortage that critically undermined the river's capacity to sustain vital ecosystem processes that support local people's lives. Drastic transformations of traditional lifestyles, shifts in fishing practices, and a significant decline in fishing yield occurred that jeopardized food sovereignty and security. The Belo Monte HPP environmental licensing process ignored local ecological knowledge and the vital links among the river's flood pulse, the aquatic and seasonally flooded ecosystems, and the traditional lifestyles of VGX residents. To ensure the ecological sustainability of the VGX, the Belo Monte HPP operation needs to change to support key spawning areas, maintain water discharge, avoid short-term water fluctuations, and emulate natural interannual discharge variability to mitigate flood pulse disruption. Local ecological knowledge should never be ignored in projects where local communities are the most affected. These communities should be central in decision-making regarding socioenvironmental impact assessment, mitigation, and monitoring.
期刊介绍:
Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.