改变卡廷加旱林地区的发展模式,拯救受到威胁的生物多样性,提高可持续性

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Marcelo Tabarelli, Inara R. Leal, Ariadna V. Lopes, Nathalia Canassa, Helder F. P. Araujo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

巴西东北部的卡廷加干林是全球物种最丰富的干林之一。它人口稠密,包含经济不发达的地区,并且拥有日益退化的不可替代的生物群。为了应对人类的干扰,森林已经被灌木所取代,沙漠化正在扩大。幼苗补充减少,一部分木本植物物种重新生根,包括大部分新生长。适应干扰的矮小个体的激增,耗尽了森林保持生物多样性和提供与当地和全球相关的关键生态系统服务的能力。如此广泛的栖息地退化是物种灭绝的关键驱动因素;111种脊椎动物已经受到威胁。这些脊椎动物和6种仙人掌科物种都有保护计划,但只有少数涉及当地利益相关者(如传统社区)的举措得到了实施。濒危物种的吉祥物化一直是实现几个保护目标的主要方法,包括为当地人提供新的经济机会,特别是通过生态旅游。不幸的是,侧重于协调生物多样性保护与可持续发展和减轻贫困的Caatinga倡议仍然与支持密集森林开发和采伐的更好做法的概念联系在一起,而不是通过现代技术促进作物和牲畜生产。减少或消除森林采伐是保护原生林的先决条件,从而维持不可替代的生态系统服务,如土壤保护、小气候控制、地下水补给和受威胁物种的高质量栖息地。这些服务的持续存在(而不是提供林产品)具有战略意义,因为旱地由于气候变化而更容易受到干旱的影响。建议实施多功能农业景观,促进农村可持续发展。这些景观应包括高森林覆盖率、森林完整性和土壤多功能性,所有这些都将提供关键的生态系统服务和生物多样性持久性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Changing the paradigm for the development of the Caatinga dry forest region to rescue threatened biodiversity and improve sustainability

The Caatinga dry forest in northeastern Brazil represents one of the most species-rich dry forests globally. It is densely populated, contains economically undeveloped areas, and harbors increasingly degraded irreplaceable biota. In response to human disturbance, forests have been replaced by shrubs, and desertification is expanding. Seedling recruitment is reduced, and a subset of woody plant species have resprouted, comprising most of the new growth. The proliferation of low-statured individuals of disturbance-adapted species depletes the forest's capacity to retain biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services of local and global relevance. Such widespread habitat degradation is a key driver of species extinction; 111 vertebrate species are already threatened. Conservation plans are available for these vertebrates and 6 Cactaceae species, but only a handful of initiatives involving local stakeholders (e.g., traditional communities) have been implemented. The mascotization of threatened species has been the main approach to achieve several conservation goals, including the provision of new economic opportunities for locals, particularly via ecotourism. Unfortunately, Caatinga initiatives focused on reconciling biodiversity conservation with sustainable development and poverty alleviation are still tied to the concept of better practices in support of intense forest exploitation and extractivism rather than promoting crop and livestock production via modern technologies. Reducing or eliminating forest extractivism is a precondition to spare old-growth forests and thus maintain irreplaceable ecosystem services, such as soil protection, microclimate control, groundwater recharge, and high-quality habitat for threatened species. The persistence of these services (rather than the provision of forest products) is of strategic relevance because drylands are subject to higher aridity associated with climate change. We propose multifunctional agricultural landscapes be implemented to promote rural sustainable development. These landscapes should include high forest cover, forest integrity, and soil multifunctionality, all of which would provide key ecosystem services and biodiversity persistence.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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