亚马逊淡水渔业生态与经济效益的管理与协调

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Monalisa R. O. Silva, Leandro Castello, Carolina T. Freitas, João V. Campos-Silva, Carlos A. Peres, Evlyn M. L. M. Novo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

淡水生态系统对全球捕鱼量作出了重大贡献。然而,淡水渔业面临着越来越大的人类压力,在全球分析和保护战略中代表性不足。为了协调渔业的保护和人类福利目标,政府和当地社区以及其他利益相关者进行了管理,但缺乏对其在淡水渔业中的有效性的评估。我们通过评估亚马逊流域一条主要支流的生态(渔获量)和经济(渔收入)结果,调查了淡水渔业管理的有效性。亚马逊的渔业管理通常是通过河流社区开发的一种称为湖泊管理的方法来实施的,在这种方法中,洪泛区湖泊被分类为开放获取、生存或保护。每个类别都有不同的捕捞压力水平和类型。我们分析了来自74个洪泛平原湖泊(20个开放湖泊,33个自给湖泊,21个受保护湖泊)30个河流社区的198名渔民5年来1607次捕鱼的数据(例如捕鱼数据和管理规则)。随着时间的推移,湖泊管理使受保护湖泊的渔获量比自给湖泊增加了12%(2.4公斤),比开放湖泊增加了13%(2.6公斤)(p = 0.03)。受保护湖泊的渔获量增加主要是由于捕鱼努力受到限制。受保护湖泊的渔业收入比开放湖泊高63%。0.001),这主要是由于在这些社区倡议的小地理区域内,具有小到中等栖息地和易于管理的物种的收获增加。这些结果表明,一种地方开发的管理方法如何能够协调生态效益和社会经济效益,并提供与政策相关的证据,可以作为促进其他地方淡水保护的模式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comanagement and reconciling of ecological and economic benefits in an Amazonian freshwater fishery

Freshwater ecosystems contribute substantially to the global fish catch. However, freshwater fisheries face growing human pressures and are underrepresented in global analyses and conservation strategies. Attempts to reconcile conservation and human welfare goals in fisheries have led to comanagement by the government and local communities, along with other stakeholders, but assessments of its effectiveness in freshwater fisheries are lacking. We investigated the effectiveness of comanagement in freshwater fisheries by assessing ecological (fish catch) and economic (fishing revenue) outcomes in a major tributary of the Amazon Basin. Fisheries comanagement in the Amazon is typically implemented through an approach developed by riverine communities called lake management in which floodplain lakes are categorized as open access, subsistence, or protected. Each category has different levels and types of fishing pressure. We analyzed data (e.g., fishing data and management rules) from 1607 fishing trips of 198 fishers over 5 years in 30 riverine communities in 74 floodplain lakes (20 open access, 33 subsistence, and 21 protected). Lake comanagement increased fish catch in protected lakes over time by 12% (2.4 kg) compared with subsistence lakes and by 13% (2.6 kg) compared with open-access lakes (p = 0.03). Increased fish catch in protected lakes was mainly due to limits on fishing effort. Fishing revenue was 63% greater in protected lakes than in open-access lakes (p < 0.001), mainly due to increased harvests of species that had small to medium home ranges and were amenable to management at the small geographical areas of these community initiatives. These results show how one locally developed approach to comanagement can reconcile ecological and socioeconomic benefits and provide policy-relevant evidence that can serve as models to foster freshwater conservation elsewhere.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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