{"title":"德黑兰小学室内空气质量:季节变化和外部污染源对污染物浓度的影响——一项综合分析研究","authors":"Maryam Borhani Jebeli, Rasul Nasiri, Golnaz Yarahmadi, Soraya Fazeli, Seyed Poriya Fazeli, Somayeh Soleimani Alyar, Parvaneh Beyk Mohamadloo, Elham Maraghi, Rasoul Yarahmadi","doi":"10.1155/ina/5518200","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The children’s sensitivity to high concentrations of pollutants in schools has led to increased attention to indoor air quality in recent years. Hence, the study was aimed at determining the concentration of air pollutants in primary school classrooms in Tehran during one academic year. For this purpose, the research team identified and evaluated primary schools in different regions of the Tehran megacity. Schools with similar characteristics were selected to sample CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> pollutants in the indoor air of Tehran primary school classrooms. A total of 30 classrooms were sampled in five schools during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons of one academic year, spanning from September 2016 to May 2017. Data analysis was conducted using Python-based tools, including Seaborn and Matplotlib, to generate visual insights. The results showed that the concentration of the pollutants studied differs significantly in winter compared to autumn and spring in the indoor air of the classrooms. The highest CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>Total</sub> concentrations were observed in the north, center, south, south, and south of Tehran, especially in the ground-floor classrooms, respectively. The results of distance from green space, private space, and floors in winter emphasize an internal source of pollution; conversely, in spring and autumn, they show the influence of external sources on the concentration of pollutants inside the classrooms in various areas of Tehran. To summarize, the results of this study showed that the indoor air quality of primary school classrooms in Tehran requires careful investigation and urgent measures to reduce pollutants and improve environmental conditions to maintain the health and comfort of students and school board members.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/5518200","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Indoor Air Quality in Tehran’s Primary Schools: Seasonal Variations and Impact of External Pollution Sources on Pollutant Concentrations—A Comprehensive Analytical Study\",\"authors\":\"Maryam Borhani Jebeli, Rasul Nasiri, Golnaz Yarahmadi, Soraya Fazeli, Seyed Poriya Fazeli, Somayeh Soleimani Alyar, Parvaneh Beyk Mohamadloo, Elham Maraghi, Rasoul Yarahmadi\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/ina/5518200\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The children’s sensitivity to high concentrations of pollutants in schools has led to increased attention to indoor air quality in recent years. Hence, the study was aimed at determining the concentration of air pollutants in primary school classrooms in Tehran during one academic year. For this purpose, the research team identified and evaluated primary schools in different regions of the Tehran megacity. Schools with similar characteristics were selected to sample CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> pollutants in the indoor air of Tehran primary school classrooms. A total of 30 classrooms were sampled in five schools during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons of one academic year, spanning from September 2016 to May 2017. Data analysis was conducted using Python-based tools, including Seaborn and Matplotlib, to generate visual insights. The results showed that the concentration of the pollutants studied differs significantly in winter compared to autumn and spring in the indoor air of the classrooms. The highest CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>Total</sub> concentrations were observed in the north, center, south, south, and south of Tehran, especially in the ground-floor classrooms, respectively. The results of distance from green space, private space, and floors in winter emphasize an internal source of pollution; conversely, in spring and autumn, they show the influence of external sources on the concentration of pollutants inside the classrooms in various areas of Tehran. To summarize, the results of this study showed that the indoor air quality of primary school classrooms in Tehran requires careful investigation and urgent measures to reduce pollutants and improve environmental conditions to maintain the health and comfort of students and school board members.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13529,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indoor air\",\"volume\":\"2025 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/5518200\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indoor air\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ina/5518200\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indoor air","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ina/5518200","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Indoor Air Quality in Tehran’s Primary Schools: Seasonal Variations and Impact of External Pollution Sources on Pollutant Concentrations—A Comprehensive Analytical Study
The children’s sensitivity to high concentrations of pollutants in schools has led to increased attention to indoor air quality in recent years. Hence, the study was aimed at determining the concentration of air pollutants in primary school classrooms in Tehran during one academic year. For this purpose, the research team identified and evaluated primary schools in different regions of the Tehran megacity. Schools with similar characteristics were selected to sample CO2, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 pollutants in the indoor air of Tehran primary school classrooms. A total of 30 classrooms were sampled in five schools during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons of one academic year, spanning from September 2016 to May 2017. Data analysis was conducted using Python-based tools, including Seaborn and Matplotlib, to generate visual insights. The results showed that the concentration of the pollutants studied differs significantly in winter compared to autumn and spring in the indoor air of the classrooms. The highest CO2, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and PMTotal concentrations were observed in the north, center, south, south, and south of Tehran, especially in the ground-floor classrooms, respectively. The results of distance from green space, private space, and floors in winter emphasize an internal source of pollution; conversely, in spring and autumn, they show the influence of external sources on the concentration of pollutants inside the classrooms in various areas of Tehran. To summarize, the results of this study showed that the indoor air quality of primary school classrooms in Tehran requires careful investigation and urgent measures to reduce pollutants and improve environmental conditions to maintain the health and comfort of students and school board members.
期刊介绍:
The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health.
Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques.
The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.