Location privacy-preserving ride matching with verifiable and collusion resistance for Ride-Hailing Services

Ride-Hailing Services (RHS) provide riders with convenient travel services and offer drivers economic incentives. However, during the process of requesting ride-matching from the Ride-Hailing Service Provider (RHSP), the transmission of data and query processing between riders and drivers may potentially expose sensitive user information, such as boarding and alighting locations and movement trajectories. Moreover, the RHSP might collude with drivers to manipulate the accuracy and integrity of ride-matching results. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving and collusion-resistant driver verification scheme (PPCRV) that supports privacy protection, collusion resistance, verifiability, and accountability. Our approach allows for personalized settings, enabling both riders and drivers to protect their location privacy within predefined cloaked areas. Additionally, we employ prefix encoding to link identities with location prefixes, generating unpredictable movement trajectories. We also utilize Indistinguishable Bloom Filter (IBF) for efficient querying. By IBF trees and proof information, we ensure verifiable matching results, allowing riders to independently replicate the matching process. Simultaneously, we apply traceable signature technology to maintain user anonymity while enabling effective identity verification and traceability, ensuring that malicious users can be held accountable when required. Finally, we conduct theoretical analyses and experiments to evaluate the scheme’s performance in terms of computational cost and communication overhead.