Advancing solar panel performance with AlOx-SiOx hybrid coatings: Tackling reflection and fogging challenges

Solar panels face significant challenges in optimizing energy conversion efficiency due to light reflection on their surfaces. Despite advancements in anti-reflective coatings, solar panels continue to reflect a portion of incident sunlight, reducing energy absorption, and generating glare and haze. Furthermore, fogging from moisture accumulation reduces the optical clarity of panels, thus compromising performance, especially in humid or fluctuating temperature conditions. To address these issues, an AlO_x-SiO_x hybrid coating that combines the beneficial properties of alumina and silica to improve both anti-reflective and anti-fogging characteristics has been developed. A novel approach combining sol–gel and solution combustion synthesis techniques has been proposed, to develop an AlO_x-SiO_x hybrid coating, resulting in a durable, functional coating with promising applications. Experimental details on material synthesis and characterization techniques, including thermal analysis, and optical studies provide insights into the chemical, thermal, and optical properties of the coating. Morphological and mechanical properties are evaluated through microscopy and hardness tests, demonstrating uniformity, roughness, and adhesion. Anti-fogging tests confirm the coating’s efficacy in resisting fog formation. The hybrid coating exhibits improved hardness and anti-fogging properties due to its network-like structure. Optical studies reveal enhanced transmittance and reduced haze, highlighting its potential for applications requiring optical clarity. Mechanical tests demonstrate the coating’s improved hardness and adhesion, essential for durability and performance.