闪长岩和长石对土壤放射性的影响：来自圣马科斯国立大学市长和国家肿瘤疾病研究所的证据

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111923

E.G. Villarreyes Peña , G. Patiño Camargo , P. Mendoza , O. Baltuano Elias

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Natural radioactivity levels and absorbed dose rates in soil samples were determined by using gamma spectroscopy with a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) semiconductor detector with 150 % efficiency.</div><div>At UNMSM, the following results were obtained for the activity concentrations (A) of the four main naturally occurring radioactive materials NORM (<sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K): <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>U</mi><mn>238</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>24.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi><mn>226</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>28.8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mn>232</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>39.4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>K</mi><mn>40</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>539</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. We find the absorbed dose rate of <span><math><mrow><mn>57.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>G</mi><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and an annual effective dose equivalent of <span><math><mrow><mn>0.28</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>v</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>y</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. On the other hand, at INEN, the following activity concentrations of NORM were found: <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>U</mi><mn>238</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>26.0</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi><mn>226</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>27.9</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mn>232</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>42.1</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>K</mi><mn>40</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>559</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. We found the annual absorbed dose rate of <span><math><mrow><mn>60.7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>G</mi><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and an annual effective dose equivalent of <span><math><mrow><mn>0.30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>v</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Additionally, the equivalent activity in radium (Req) and the risk indices for both indoor and outdoor environments were also determined.</div><div>The higher than global average values of <sup>40</sup>K activity concentrations are due to the greater presence of diorites and feldspars in the alluvial soils of Lima. These findings highlight the geological influence on local environmental radioactivity and are essential for future risk assessments. Nonetheless, the levels of environmental radioactivity found in this study are safe for the population in urban areas of academic and medical importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 111923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of diorites and feldspars on soil radioactivity: Evidence from university city of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases\",\"authors\":\"E.G. Villarreyes Peña , G. Patiño Camargo , P. Mendoza , O. Baltuano Elias\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111923\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study represents the first systematic measurement of environmental radiation in the University City of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) in the city of Lima, Peru, conducted between July, December 2022, and January 2023. Natural radioactivity levels and absorbed dose rates in soil samples were determined by using gamma spectroscopy with a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) semiconductor detector with 150 % efficiency.</div><div>At UNMSM, the following results were obtained for the activity concentrations (A) of the four main naturally occurring radioactive materials NORM (<sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K): <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>U</mi><mn>238</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>24.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi><mn>226</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>28.8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mn>232</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>39.4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>K</mi><mn>40</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>539</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. We find the absorbed dose rate of <span><math><mrow><mn>57.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>G</mi><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and an annual effective dose equivalent of <span><math><mrow><mn>0.28</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>v</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>y</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. On the other hand, at INEN, the following activity concentrations of NORM were found: <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>U</mi><mn>238</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>26.0</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3.4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi><mn>226</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>27.9</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mn>232</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>42.1</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>K</mi><mn>40</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>559</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>B</mi><mi>q</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. We found the annual absorbed dose rate of <span><math><mrow><mn>60.7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>G</mi><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and an annual effective dose equivalent of <span><math><mrow><mn>0.30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>v</mi><msup><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Additionally, the equivalent activity in radium (Req) and the risk indices for both indoor and outdoor environments were also determined.</div><div>The higher than global average values of <sup>40</sup>K activity concentrations are due to the greater presence of diorites and feldspars in the alluvial soils of Lima. These findings highlight the geological influence on local environmental radioactivity and are essential for future risk assessments. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究是在2022年7月、12月至2023年1月期间，在秘鲁利马市国立圣马科斯市长大学大学城（UNMSM）和国家肿瘤疾病研究所（INEN）进行的第一次系统测量环境辐射。采用效率为150%的高纯度锗（HPGe）半导体探测器，采用伽马能谱法测定了土壤样品中的天然放射性水平和吸收剂量率。在UNMSM上，四种主要天然放射性物质NORM （238U、226Ra、232Th和40K）的活度浓度(A)如下：AU238=24.2±3.4Bqkg - 1, ARa226=28.8±0.7Bqkg - 1, ATh232=39.4±1.2Bqkg - 1, AK40=539±7Bqkg - 1。我们发现吸收剂量率为57.5nGyh−1，年有效剂量当量为0.28mSvy−1。INEN组NORM活性浓度为AU238=26.0±3.4Bqkg - 1, ARa226=27.9±0.8Bqkg - 1, ATh232=42.1±1.6Bqkg - 1, AK40=559±7.8Bqkg - 1。我们发现年吸收剂量率为60.7nGyh−1，年有效剂量当量为0.30mSvy−1。此外，还确定了室内和室外环境的镭当量活度（Req）和风险指数。40K活度浓度高于全球平均值是由于利马冲积土壤中闪长岩和长石较多。这些发现突出了地质对当地环境放射性的影响，对未来的风险评估至关重要。尽管如此，本研究中发现的环境放射性水平对城市地区的人口来说是安全的，具有学术和医疗重要性。

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Impact of diorites and feldspars on soil radioactivity: Evidence from university city of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases

This study represents the first systematic measurement of environmental radiation in the University City of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) in the city of Lima, Peru, conducted between July, December 2022, and January 2023. Natural radioactivity levels and absorbed dose rates in soil samples were determined by using gamma spectroscopy with a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) semiconductor detector with 150 % efficiency.

At UNMSM, the following results were obtained for the activity concentrations (A) of the four main naturally occurring radioactive materials NORM (²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K):

A_{U 238} = 24.2 \pm 3.4 B q {k g}^{- 1}

A_{R a 226} = 28.8 \pm 0.7 B q {k g}^{- 1}

A_{T h 232} = 39.4 \pm 1.2 B q {k g}^{- 1}

and

A_{K 40} = 539 \pm 7 B q {k g}^{- 1}

. We find the absorbed dose rate of

57.5 n G {y h}^{- 1}

and an annual effective dose equivalent of

0.28 m S v y^{- 1}

. On the other hand, at INEN, the following activity concentrations of NORM were found:

A_{U 238} = 26.0 \pm 3.4 B q {k g}^{- 1}

A_{R a 226} = 27.9 \pm 0.8 B q {k g}^{- 1}

A_{T h 232} = 42.1 \pm 1.6 B q {k g}^{- 1}

and

A_{K 40} = 559 \pm 7.8 B q {k g}^{- 1}

. We found the annual absorbed dose rate of

60.7 n G {y h}^{- 1}

and an annual effective dose equivalent of

0.30 m S v y^{- 1}

. Additionally, the equivalent activity in radium (Req) and the risk indices for both indoor and outdoor environments were also determined.

The higher than global average values of ⁴⁰K activity concentrations are due to the greater presence of diorites and feldspars in the alluvial soils of Lima. These findings highlight the geological influence on local environmental radioactivity and are essential for future risk assessments. Nonetheless, the levels of environmental radioactivity found in this study are safe for the population in urban areas of academic and medical importance.

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来源期刊

Applied Radiation and Isotopes 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

406

审稿时长

13.5 months

期刊介绍： Applied Radiation and Isotopes provides a high quality medium for the publication of substantial, original and scientific and technological papers on the development and peaceful application of nuclear, radiation and radionuclide techniques in chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, medicine, security, engineering and in the earth, planetary and environmental sciences, all including dosimetry. Nuclear techniques are defined in the broadest sense and both experimental and theoretical papers are welcome. They include the development and use of α- and β-particles, X-rays and γ-rays, neutrons and other nuclear particles and radiations from all sources, including radionuclides, synchrotron sources, cyclotrons and reactors and from the natural environment. The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria. Papers dealing with radiation processing, i.e., where radiation is used to bring about a biological, chemical or physical change in a material, should be directed to our sister journal Radiation Physics and Chemistry.