不同类型灭火器的颗粒、全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）浓度

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138776

Myoungho Lee, Perng -Jy Tsai, Chungsik Yoon

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引用次数: 0

摘要

全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS），通常被称为“永远的化学品”，由于其持久性和潜在的健康风险而引起了极大的关注。由于PFAS能够提高灭火器的性能，因此一直在使用。本研究旨在确定粉末、哈龙和泡沫三种灭火器在使用过程中释放的颗粒和PFAS的排放速率和空气中分布。采用光学颗粒谱仪和扫描迁移率粒度仪进行实时颗粒测量，同时以2.0 LPM的流速采集PFAS和场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）样品，时间为4小时。颗粒总排放量依次为粉末>；泡沫比;哈龙，粉末型灭火器的排放率最高（588.6±9.3 × 104粒/min）。粉末型的发射因子最高，达到48.9±1.8 × 102粒/g。此外，泡沫类型的PFAS总浓度达到70.2±1.0 mg/m3 (p<0.01)，超过了垃圾填埋场和电子垃圾填埋场报告的水平。考虑到在使用灭火器期间直接接触空气中的颗粒和PFAS的潜在风险，强烈建议使用个人防护装备。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Particle and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) concentrations from Different Types of Fire Extinguishers

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Particle and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) concentrations from Different Types of Fire Extinguishers

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," have garnered significant attention due to their persistence and potential health risks. PFAS has been continuously used due to its ability to enhance the performance of fire extinguishers. This study aimed to identify the emission rates and airborne distribution of particles and PFAS released during the use of three types of fire extinguishers: powder, halon, and foam. Real-time particle measurements were conducted using an optical particle spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer, while PFAS and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) samples were collected at a flow rate of 2.0 LPM for 4 hr. Total particle emissions followed the order of powder > foam > halon, with the highest emission rate observed in the powder-type extinguisher (588.6 ± 9.3 × 10⁴ particles/min). The emission factor was also highest in the powder type, reaching 48.9 ± 1.8 × 10² particles/g. Additionally, the total PFAS concentration reached 70.2 ± 1.0 mg/m³ (p<0.01) in foam type, surpassing levels reported in landfills and electronic waste sites. Given the potential risks associated with direct exposure to airborne particles and PFAS during fire extinguisher use, the use of personal protective equipment is strongly recommended.

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.