Recent advancements in carbon capture materials research: innovative optimization of materials synthesis and engineering applications

Global warming is a major environmental threat facing the world today, and carbon dioxide (CO2), as a major greenhouse gas, has a significant impact on climate change. To address this global challenge, carbon capture technology has been proposed as a key measure to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. In this paper, we review recent research advances in carbon capture technologies, with special emphasis on the potential of adsorption technologies to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. We discuss in detail the innovations of material systems such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), porous carbon-based materials, functionalized adsorbents, and ionic liquids in the field of carbon capture and conversion. Meanwhile, this paper also examines the research progress of solid waste-derived carbon capture materials, such as refinery slag, biomass, natural mineral materials and lignin, from the perspective of solid waste resourcing, which provides new ideas for the sustainable utilization of carbon capture materials. This paper further discusses the preparation methods, recycling performance and regeneration technologies of adsorbents, as well as the mechanisms and processes of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption in carbon dioxide capture. In particular, the potential and challenges of processes such as pressure-variable adsorption (PSA) and temperature-variable adsorption (TSA) for industrial applications are pointed out. The review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the research of carbon capture materials and a reference for practical applications, emphasizing the important role of carbon capture and utilization technologies in promoting low-carbon development and mitigating global warming. With the continuous advancement of technology, we expect that these research results will provide strong support for the realization of global climate goals.