Comparative evaluation of lag screws and miniplates in the fixation of anterior mandibular fractures- a prospective study.

Introduction: Mandibular fractures are among the commonest fractures of maxillofacial region with anterior-mandibular fractures accounting for 8-15%. Mini-plates with or without arch bar is the most commonly used fixation method to achieve ORIF. However, the mandible symphysis is uniquely shaped for the application of lag-screws.

Aim: This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of lag-screws in comparison with mini-plates in fixation of anterior mandibular fractures.

Methodology: 20 patients diagnosed with anterior mandibular fractures were divided into 2 equal groups. Group-A was treated using lag-screws and Group-B was treated using mini-plates. Radiographs were taken for evaluation of fracture site. The results were assessed for mobility of fracture segments, stability of occlusion, paresthesia, and pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative distances between fracture segments.

Results: There was a significant reduction in clinical distance between the reduced fracture fragments in the lag-screw group. A substantial reduction of radiographic distance between fracture segments was observed post-operatively in the lag-screw group, unlike the mini-plate group. A lesser interfragmentary distance was observed in patients treated with the lag-screw technique.

Conclusion: While lag screws and miniplate techniques are both stable forms of fixation, there is more interfragmentary bony contact with lag-screws, thus ideal for fixation of anterior mandibular fractures.