Self-triggered load frequency control using T-S fuzzy ADP method for unknown power systems

Frequency oscillations in interconnected power systems result from the inherent randomness of renewable energy production and fluctuating power load demands. Load frequency control (LFC) has thus emerged as a primary challenge for maintaining power system stability and security due to the synchronization requirements of the entire power grid. This paper proposes a novel approach for LFC in multi-area power systems using a self-triggered control-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework integrated with fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). First, an $H_{\infty }$ distributed controller is developed based on the multi-agent system (MAS) model to mitigate the effects of parameter uncertainties and load disturbances. Additionally, with the increased deployment of phase measurement units and smart meters, real-time system measurements are expected to rise significantly. This trend underscores the importance of event-triggered control (ETC) in optimizing the use of communication resources. However, general-purpose devices often lack the dedicated hardware necessary to verify triggering rules. To address this limitation, we propose a novel self-triggered control (STC) mechanism. This STC calculates the control law based on the current state to determine the next state measurement, thereby eliminating the need for continuous plant monitoring. Simulation results on a multi-area system demonstrate that the proposed adaptive approach performs effectively in frequency regulation under conditions of load disturbance and parameter uncertainty.