就业对老年人心理和认知健康的性别影响。

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q3 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Aging & Mental Health Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI:10.1080/13607863.2025.2502797

Su Hyun Shin, Jessie X Fan

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：随着劳动力的老龄化，了解就业对老年人心理和认知健康的影响变得越来越重要。这些影响对生产力、经济负担和福祉都有影响。本研究考察了就业与心理/认知健康之间的因果关系，重点关注性别差异。方法：使用健康与退休研究（HRS）（1996-2016）的面板数据，我们采用工具变量（IV）两阶段最小二乘（2SLS）模型，控制个体和时间固定效应。外源性健康冲击（例如工作以外的事故或伤害）是一种手段。就业结果（工作报酬、每天工作时间和每年工作周数）在仪器上回归，预测值用于解释CES-D（心理健康）和流体智力（认知健康）分数。结果：健康冲击显著降低了工作的可能性、每天的工作时间和每年的工作周数。就业下降导致流动智力分数下降，但对cse - d分数没有影响。这种负面的认知效应只出现在老年女性身上，而不是男性。启示：支持老年妇女参与劳动可能有助于保护认知健康，同时增强财务稳定性。

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Gender-specific impacts of employment on mental and cognitive health in older adults.

Background: As the workforce ages, understanding the impact of employment on older adults' mental and cognitive health is increasingly important. These effects have implications for productivity, economic burden, and well-being. This study examines the causal relationship between employment and mental/cognitive health, with a focus on gender differences.

Methods: Using panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1996-2016), we employ an instrumental variable (IV) two-stage least squares (2SLS) model, controlling for individual and time-fixed effects. An exogenous health shock (e.g. accident or injury outside of work) serves as the instrument. Employment outcomes (working for pay, hours worked per day, and weeks worked per year) are regressed on the instrument, and predicted values are used to explain CES-D (mental health) and fluid intelligence (cognitive health) scores.

Results: Health shocks significantly reduce the probability of working, hours per day, and weeks per year. This decline in employment leads to lower fluid intelligence scores but has no effect on CES-D scores. This negative cognitive effect appears only among older women, not men.

Implications: Supporting workforce participation among older women may help protect cognitive health while enhancing financial stability.

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来源期刊

Aging & Mental Health 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

2.90%

发文量

176

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Aging & Mental Health provides a leading international forum for the rapidly expanding field which investigates the relationship between the aging process and mental health. The journal addresses the mental changes associated with normal and abnormal or pathological aging, as well as the psychological and psychiatric problems of the aging population. The journal also has a strong commitment to interdisciplinary and innovative approaches that explore new topics and methods. Aging & Mental Health covers the biological, psychological and social aspects of aging as they relate to mental health. In particular it encourages an integrated approach for examining various biopsychosocial processes and etiological factors associated with psychological changes in the elderly. It also emphasizes the various strategies, therapies and services which may be directed at improving the mental health of the elderly and their families. In this way the journal promotes a strong alliance among the theoretical, experimental and applied sciences across a range of issues affecting mental health and aging. The emphasis of the journal is on rigorous quantitative, and qualitative, research and, high quality innovative studies on emerging topics.