The impact of spatial skills on problem-solving parsimony and solution quality in middle childhood.

Spatial skills are essential cognitive abilities that develop during middle childhood and play a crucial role in solving STEM problems. In this relation, however, important aspects of problem-solving performance remain underexplored. Consequently, this study investigated whether spatial skills contribute to solution quality and parsimony in problem-solving. The sample comprised 478 six- to eight-year-olds (219 female) who completed mental rotation, visuospatial memory and gear-based problem-solving tasks. In both problem-solving tasks, spatial skills were associated with solution quality (β = .27** or .39**, respectively) and partially with the number of operations (β = -.06 or -.16*), indicating higher parsimony. Age was significantly linked to spatial skills and partially to parsimony but not to solution quality. These findings highlight the importance of spatial skills for different aspects of children's STEM-related problem-solving.