Hyeon Seung Lee, Byung-Eon Noh, Hyunwoo Kim, Heeil Lee
{"title":"2021-2023年韩国恙螨恙虫病东方体的地理分布","authors":"Hyeon Seung Lee, Byung-Eon Noh, Hyunwoo Kim, Heeil Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06839-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrub typhus is caused by the larvae of chigger mites infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi, and many cases are reported globally. The virulence and prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi varies depending on the strain and region. Understanding the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains is necessary for the prevention, control, surveillance, and future research on scrub typhus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chigger mites were collected from wild rodents at 16 sites across the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2021 and 2023. Molecular diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi was performed on half of the collected chigger mites. After confirmation, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. To confirm the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains in chigger mites, the ROK was divided into three regions on the basis of latitude and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 135,204 chigger mites were collected from 1589 wild rodents. Half of the chigger mites were divided into 2928 pools for diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi infection, of which, 152 pools were positive, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.22%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six types of O. tsutsugamushi strains, including Karp-related (35.5%), Kato-related (17.8%), Boryong (15.8%), Saitama-related (15.1%), Gilliam-related (6.6%), and Simokoshi (1.3%). Additionally, strains exhibit distinct geographical distribution. The Karp-related strains were predominant and mainly distributed in the central region. Gilliam-related and Boryong strains were found in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that the predominant O. tsutsugamushi strains in the ROK are Karp-related, with each strain being geographically separate. Changes in the geographic distribution, transmission routes, and other aspects of mite-borne diseases due to globalization and climate change will require continued surveillance and further research for prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Geographic distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains on chigger mites in the Republic of Korea (2021-2023).\",\"authors\":\"Hyeon Seung Lee, Byung-Eon Noh, Hyunwoo Kim, Heeil Lee\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13071-025-06839-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrub typhus is caused by the larvae of chigger mites infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi, and many cases are reported globally. The virulence and prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi varies depending on the strain and region. Understanding the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains is necessary for the prevention, control, surveillance, and future research on scrub typhus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chigger mites were collected from wild rodents at 16 sites across the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2021 and 2023. Molecular diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi was performed on half of the collected chigger mites. After confirmation, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. To confirm the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains in chigger mites, the ROK was divided into three regions on the basis of latitude and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 135,204 chigger mites were collected from 1589 wild rodents. Half of the chigger mites were divided into 2928 pools for diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi infection, of which, 152 pools were positive, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.22%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six types of O. tsutsugamushi strains, including Karp-related (35.5%), Kato-related (17.8%), Boryong (15.8%), Saitama-related (15.1%), Gilliam-related (6.6%), and Simokoshi (1.3%). Additionally, strains exhibit distinct geographical distribution. The Karp-related strains were predominant and mainly distributed in the central region. Gilliam-related and Boryong strains were found in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that the predominant O. tsutsugamushi strains in the ROK are Karp-related, with each strain being geographically separate. Changes in the geographic distribution, transmission routes, and other aspects of mite-borne diseases due to globalization and climate change will require continued surveillance and further research for prevention and control.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19793,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Parasites & Vectors\",\"volume\":\"18 1\",\"pages\":\"192\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Parasites & Vectors\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06839-3\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PARASITOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasites & Vectors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06839-3","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Geographic distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains on chigger mites in the Republic of Korea (2021-2023).
Background: Scrub typhus is caused by the larvae of chigger mites infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi, and many cases are reported globally. The virulence and prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi varies depending on the strain and region. Understanding the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains is necessary for the prevention, control, surveillance, and future research on scrub typhus.
Methods: Chigger mites were collected from wild rodents at 16 sites across the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2021 and 2023. Molecular diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi was performed on half of the collected chigger mites. After confirmation, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. To confirm the geographic distribution of O. tsutsugamushi strains in chigger mites, the ROK was divided into three regions on the basis of latitude and analyzed.
Results: Overall, 135,204 chigger mites were collected from 1589 wild rodents. Half of the chigger mites were divided into 2928 pools for diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi infection, of which, 152 pools were positive, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.22%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six types of O. tsutsugamushi strains, including Karp-related (35.5%), Kato-related (17.8%), Boryong (15.8%), Saitama-related (15.1%), Gilliam-related (6.6%), and Simokoshi (1.3%). Additionally, strains exhibit distinct geographical distribution. The Karp-related strains were predominant and mainly distributed in the central region. Gilliam-related and Boryong strains were found in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the predominant O. tsutsugamushi strains in the ROK are Karp-related, with each strain being geographically separate. Changes in the geographic distribution, transmission routes, and other aspects of mite-borne diseases due to globalization and climate change will require continued surveillance and further research for prevention and control.
期刊介绍：
Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish.
Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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