Dynamic cooperative scheduling and adaptive benefit allocation for multi-microgrid systems with shared energy storage under source-load uncertainty

The economic limitations of independent energy storage systems in microgrids necessitate innovative solutions to enhance operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Shared energy storage presents a viable alternative by enabling multiple microgrids to cooperatively utilize storage resources, thereby optimizing energy management and reducing overall costs. This study introduces a novel framework for dynamic cooperative scheduling and adaptive benefit allocation, addressing the challenges posed by source-load uncertainties in multi-microgrid systems. The proposed framework is built on a robust two-stage optimization model, where the first stage focuses on energy pre-scheduling, and the second stage performs real-time adjustments to mitigate fluctuations in renewable energy generation and demand. To ensure a fair and efficient allocation of benefits, a Dynamic Proportional Allocation Mechanism is developed, which considers real-time contributions, energy utilization efficiency, and critical-period support. Simulation studies conducted on three interconnected microgrids in a resource-constrained region demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate a 15.4 % reduction in system operational risks, a 12.7 % improvement in scheduling cost efficiency, and a 9.1 % increase in overall participant satisfaction compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the proposed model achieves a 20 % reduction in reliance on grid power purchases, enhancing the self-sufficiency of the multi-microgrid system. The fair distribution of economic benefits fosters better cooperation among participating microgrids, with the difference in savings rates reduced from 10.6 % to 3.1 %, ensuring equitable resource sharing.