Fisher's perception and attitude towards sustainable marine aquarium trade in India

This study explores the perceptions and attitudes of fishers towards sustainable marine aquarium trade in India, a sector that has significant implications for biodiversity conservation and local economies. In the present study, we obtained data through qualitative interviews and surveys with fishers across key coastal ornamental fishing villages of south India (Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar). Out of 215 respondents, more than 75 % are between the ages of 31–50. Sixty-three percent of the fishers were considered literate. Among fishery components, 97 % of fishers own at least one boat and close to 89 % were traveling less than 20 kms on a daily basis for fishing related activities. Most preferable ornamental fishes caught and supplied by the fishers includes clowns and damsels up to 89 % followed by other fishes and invertebrates. Among the perception of fishers, close to 50–80 % highlighted the destructive fishing practices such as trawling and SCUBA diving and coral mining as top 2 destructive activities for coral reef ecosystems. Further, among the benefits received from the coral reefs, fishers ranked the fisheries production and less soil erosion as top 2 benefits. The attitude of the fishermen towards conservation indicated that more than 98 % were aware that the Gulf of Mannar is declared as a Marine Biosphere Reserve. Also, more than 90 % of fishers have shown their responsibility and interest towards protecting the biodiversity and work along with the forest department to undertake sustainable fishing methods and coral reef restoration methods to enhance the fisheries production. Finally, over 60 % of the fishers lack alternative sources of income beyond ornamental fishing to fulfill their daily needs. By identifying knowledge gaps, the present research seeks to inform policy recommendations that promote sustainable marine aquarium trade while ensuring the livelihood of fishing communities are preserved. Ultimately, fostering a collaborative approach between fishers, conservationists, and policymakers will be essential for achieving long-term sustainability in India's marine aquarium industry.