印度旁遮普非怀孕育龄妇女随意盐摄入量评估方法的比较

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107456

Yvonne E Goh , Mari S Manger , Mona Duggal , Reena Das , Surbhi Agarwal , Shipra Saklani , Deepmala Budhija , Manu Jamwal , Bidhi L Singh , Julie M Long , Jamie Westcott , Charles D Arnold , Nancy F Krebs , Rosalind S Gibson , Kenneth H Brown , Christine M McDonald

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：准确和精确地估计可自由支配的盐摄入量对于设计盐强化计划和盐减少干预措施至关重要。目的本研究旨在比较印度旁遮普非怀孕育龄女性随意盐摄入量的4种估算方法。方法收集100名女性的一日称重食物记录（WFRs）、家庭食盐消失（HHSD）数据、重复饮食组合以及家庭食盐和牛奶样本，并在40个子集中重复，以调整个体差异并估计通常的可自由选择的食盐摄入量。从随机选择的40只粗饲料中复制复合日粮，但不添加任意盐。采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)-发射光谱法和电感耦合质谱法分别对复合饲料的钠和碘含量进行分析。采用离子选择电极法对食盐样品中的碘含量进行了分析。采用相关分析和Bland-Altman分析，探讨WFR法、选定参考法与HHSD、重复日粮（RD）和碘法（IMs）之间的相关性和一致性。结果根据WFR、HHSD、RD和IM方法的平均±标准差（SD）任意盐摄入量分别为4.7±1.8 g/d、5.7±2.6 g/d、4.1±2.1 g/d和7.8±5.3 g/d。RD法显示相关性最强(ρ = 0.76；P & lt;0.001)和最小的平均差±SD(- 0.68±1.25 g/d)，与WFR方法相比，一致性范围为- 3.18至1.82 g/d。然而，HHSD方法也具有中等相关性(ρ = 0.48；P & lt;0.001)，尽管精度较低，但与WFR的一致性较好[0.98±2.12(−3.27,5.23)g/d]。结论：WFR和RD方法虽然实施起来很费力，但可以准确地估算出任意盐摄入量。重复测量可以提高HHSD方法在大规模人口调查中的精度。

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Comparison of Methods to Assess Discretionary Salt Intake among Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, India

Background

Accurate and precise estimates of discretionary salt intake are critical for the design of salt fortification programs and salt reduction interventions.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare 4 methods of estimating discretionary salt intake among nonpregnant females of reproductive age in Punjab, India.

Methods

One-day, observer-recorded, weighed food records (WFRs), household salt disappearance (HHSD) data, duplicate diet composites, and samples of household salt and milk were collected from 100 females and repeated in a subset of 40 to adjust for intraperson variation and estimate usual discretionary salt intake. Diet composites were also replicated from 40 randomly selected WFR but prepared without the addition of discretionary salt. The duplicate diet composites’ sodium and iodine contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometry and ICP-mass spectrometry, respectively. The iodine content of household salt samples was analyzed using the ion-selective electrode method. The association and agreement between the WFR method, the selected reference method, and the HHSD, replicate diet (RD), and iodine methods (IMs) were explored using correlation and Bland–Altman analyses.

Results

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) discretionary salt intakes according to the WFR, HHSD, RD, and IM methods were 4.7 ± 1.8 g/d, 5.7 ± 2.6 g/d, 4.1 ± 2.1 g/d, and 7.8 ± 5.3 g/d, respectively. The RD method showed the strongest correlation (ρ = 0.76; P < 0.001) and the smallest mean difference ± SD (−0.68 ± 1.25 g/d), with limits of agreement from −3.18 to 1.82 g/d, compared with the WFR method. However, the HHSD method was also moderately correlated (ρ = 0.48; P < 0.001) and showed good agreement [0.98 ± 2.12 (−3.27, 5.23) g/d] with the WFR despite lower precision.

Conclusions

Although intensive to implement, the WFR and RD methods produce precise estimates of discretionary salt intake. Repeated measurements may improve the precision of the HHSD method for large population-based surveys.

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