老年人的听觉学习和泛化:来自声音辨别训练的证据。

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
Trends in Hearing Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI:10.1177/23312165251342436
Nuphar Singer, Yael Zaltz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

听觉学习对于适应不断变化的声音环境至关重要。然而,这种适应能力可能会受到与年龄相关的感觉和认知功能下降的影响,可能会限制老年人的学习效率和泛化能力。本研究通过声音辨别训练对24名老年人(65 ~ 82岁)和24名年轻人(18 ~ 34岁)的听觉学习和泛化进行了研究。参与者被分为训练组(12名老年人,12名年轻人)和对照组(12名老年人,12名年轻人)。训练后的参与者完成了五个阶段:两个测试阶段使用2-down - 1-up自适应程序评估VD性能,仅使用F0,仅使用共振峰,以及组合F0 +共振峰提示,三个训练阶段只关注F0提示的VD。对照组只参加了两次测试,没有中间训练。结果显示,在F0提示下,年轻人和老年人的VD均有显著的训练改善,两组之间的学习效率和收益相当。然而,仅在年轻人中观察到对对象线索的泛化,这表明老年人的学习迁移有限。此外,VD训练并没有提高F0 +峰组合条件下的表现,而不是对照组的改善,强调了知觉学习的特殊性。这些发现为老年人的听觉学习提供了新的见解,表明尽管他们保留了显著的听觉技能习得能力,但与年龄相关的感知灵活性下降可能会限制更广泛的推广。这项研究强调了为老年人设计有针对性的听觉干预的重要性,考虑到他们在概括不同声音线索的学习收益方面的特殊局限性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Auditory Learning and Generalization in Older Adults: Evidence from Voice Discrimination Training.

Auditory Learning and Generalization in Older Adults: Evidence from Voice Discrimination Training.

Auditory Learning and Generalization in Older Adults: Evidence from Voice Discrimination Training.

Auditory Learning and Generalization in Older Adults: Evidence from Voice Discrimination Training.

Auditory learning is essential for adapting to continuously changing acoustic environments. This adaptive capability, however, may be impacted by age-related declines in sensory and cognitive functions, potentially limiting learning efficiency and generalization in older adults. This study investigated auditory learning and generalization in 24 older (65-82 years) and 24 younger (18-34 years) adults through voice discrimination (VD) training. Participants were divided into training (12 older, 12 younger adults) and control groups (12 older, 12 younger adults). Trained participants completed five sessions: Two testing sessions assessing VD performance using a 2-down 1-up adaptive procedure with F0-only, formant-only, and combined F0 + formant cues, and three training sessions focusing exclusively on VD with F0 cues. Control groups participated only in the two testing sessions, with no intermediate training. Results revealed significant training-induced improvements in VD with F0 cues for both younger and older adults, with comparable learning efficiency and gains across groups. However, generalization to the formant-only cue was observed only in younger adults, suggesting limited learning transfer in older adults. Additionally, VD training did not improve performance in the combined F0 + formant condition beyond control group improvements, underscoring the specificity of perceptual learning. These findings provide novel insights into auditory learning in older adults, showing that while they retain the ability for significant auditory skill acquisition, age-related declines in perceptual flexibility may limit broader generalization. This study highlights the importance of designing targeted auditory interventions for older adults, considering their specific limitations in generalizing learning gains across different acoustic cues.

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来源期刊
Trends in Hearing
Trends in Hearing AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGYOTORH-OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
44
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Trends in Hearing is an open access journal completely dedicated to publishing original research and reviews focusing on human hearing, hearing loss, hearing aids, auditory implants, and aural rehabilitation. Under its former name, Trends in Amplification, the journal established itself as a forum for concise explorations of all areas of translational hearing research by leaders in the field. Trends in Hearing has now expanded its focus to include original research articles, with the goal of becoming the premier venue for research related to human hearing and hearing loss.
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