成人生命中的智力天赋：只是一个维度的描述，还是有对高潜力特别敏感的领域？

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113274

Enrico Toffalini , Erika Borella , Lina Pezzuti , James Dawe , Cesare Cornoldi

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究从2173个年龄在16岁到90岁之间的个体中抽取了一个更大的代表性样本，对111个有智力天赋的个体的智力特征提供了一个成人寿命的视角。我们调查了韦氏成人智力量表第四版（韦氏，2008）的五个主要智力指标：结晶智力、视觉、流体推理、短期记忆和速度。我们的研究结果表明，天才个体的大多数智力特征都可以用维度方法来预测，从而将天才视为人口分布的极端尾部。然而，特异性存在并随年龄而变化，随着年龄的增长而变得更加明显。值得注意的是，我们观察到g因子指标的标准化负荷随着年龄的增长而增加，随着时间的推移，速度（Gs）显示g的负荷增加，与一般趋势一致。此外，我们还发现，天才个体在视觉细化因子（Gv）方面存在显著偏差，尤其是在50岁左右。

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Intellectual giftedness in adult lifespan: just a dimensional account or are there areas especially sensitive to high potential?

The present study offers an adult lifespan perspective on the intellectual characteristics of 111 intellectually gifted individuals, drawn from a larger representative sample of 2173 individuals aged 16 to 90. We investigated five main indices of intelligence of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (Wechsler, 2008): Crystallized intelligence, Visual, Fluid reasoning, Short-term memory, and Speed. Our findings demonstrate that most characteristics of the intellectual profiles of gifted individuals can be predicted using a dimensional approach, thus viewing giftedness as the extreme tail of the population distribution. However, specificities exist and vary with age, becoming more pronounced with advancing years. Notably, we observed an increase in the standardized loadings of indices on the g factor with age, with speed (Gs) showing enhanced loading on g over time, consistent with general trends. Moreover, we identified a significant deviation in the visual elaboration factor (Gv) among gifted individuals, particularly evident from around the age of 50 onwards.

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来源期刊

Personality and Individual Differences PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

4.70%

发文量

577

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.