A critical review on Recent advancement on Metal -Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 capture, storage and utilization

One of the biggest problems our world is currently facing is global climate change brought on by rising atmospheric CO2 levels. The creation of technology that encourage "negative carbon emissions" is necessary to address this worldwide catastrophe. As the shift to more sustainable energy infrastructures advances, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CCU (Carbon capture and utilization) technologies are essential for removing CO2 from current emission sources, such as industrial and energy production facilities. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of solid porous materials that have attracted a lot of interest recently in addition to conventional inorganic adsorbents. MOFs as an adsorbent are a rapidly expanding subject due to their versatility in structure and function. Innovation in carbon capture solutions is still being fuelled by the promising performance of MOF-based technology. An ever-increasing number of current publications and citations, as well as the ongoing expansion of study scope and researcher interaction, demands a summarization of the approaches made in this time regarding MOFs. Here in this review at first, insight to MOFs has been given followed by the routes to MOFs from conventional (For e.g., Solvothermal/hydrothermal) to contemporary (Microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, electrochemical, microemulsion, Sonochemical, dry-gel conversion method) to other methods (for e.g., green synthesis, ionic-liquid based and discarded material as a synthesis medium). Later characterization techniques (for e.g., XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET) has been discussed briefly. Thereafter application of MOFs for CO2 capture (mainly focused on MOFs for post combustion CO2 capture and Direct air capture), CO2 storage and CO2 conversion (for e.g., MOFs as photocatalyst and MOFs as electrocatalyst) has been mentioned. Further Commercialization, scalability and environmental impact of MOFs are summarized. Finally, some suggestions for the future development of the MOFs are outlined, and we hope that the valuable insights accumulated in this review will be helpful for future research.