The Association Between Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Plasma IgG N-Glycosylation: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is the leading cause of neonatal death. Changes in plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases. However, its implications and clinical significance in NRDS remain to be clarified.

Methods: To determine the effect of IgG N-glycosylation on NRDS, we recruited 88 NRDS participants and 120 control participants from December 2021 to September 2022. Plasma was collected, IgG was isolated and purified, and the glycogram was analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence detector.

Results: The occurrence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) [OR=9.043(1.036-78.966), P=0.046] and the elevation of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) [OR=1.015(1.001-1.029), P=0.032] were independent risk factors for the occurrence of NRDS. Furthermore, the area percentages of GP1, GP3, GP4, GP11, GP13, and GP24 were significantly higher in NRDS patients compared with control group. Conversely, GP14 was observed to be significantly lower. Furthermore, an increase in plasma IgG sialylation and core fucosylation was observed in NRDS, whereas the modification with galactosylation was decreased. The model constructed using GP1, GP13, GP14, PROM, and GGT as composite indices demonstrated robust predictive performance (AUC=0.902, 95% CI: 0.851-0.953).

Conclusion: Patients with NRDS frequently exhibit alterations in the glycosylation of plasma IgG. These findings provide new insights into the diagnosis of NRDS and clinical treatment.