Vaishali S Pawar, Kailas D Datkhile, Ajit V Sontakke, Satyajeet K Pawar, Prajakta S Patil
{"title":"谷胱甘肽s -转移酶基因（GSTM1和GSTT1）多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病肾病的相关性","authors":"Vaishali S Pawar, Kailas D Datkhile, Ajit V Sontakke, Satyajeet K Pawar, Prajakta S Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The causative factors of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are genetic as well as environmental. The Glutathione S-transferase gene family is involved in redox balance to reduce oxidative stress, which is an important factor associated with these major diabetic complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, GSTM1 and GST1 gene polymorphisms were studied in T2DM patients with three groups of 125 cases each: the 1<sup>st</sup> group DM without DN and DR, the 2<sup>nd</sup> group with DR, and the 3<sup>rd</sup> group with DN from December 2019 to January 2023. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping was conducted using gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the DM group, in the DR group, the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null genotypes were more prevalent and showed 2.68-folds (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.60-4.48; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and 2.5-folds (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.50-4.18; <i>P</i> < 0.001) increased risk of developing DR respectively. In the DN group, the GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent, with a 1.97-fold increased risk of developing DR (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26; <i>P</i> = 0.008) when compared to the DM group. However, no significant difference was found in the GSTT1 null genotype between the DN and DM groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant association between null genotypes of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 with DR and only the GSTM1 null genotype with DN suggests their roles as risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13353,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101764/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Relevance of Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy.\",\"authors\":\"Vaishali S Pawar, Kailas D Datkhile, Ajit V Sontakke, Satyajeet K Pawar, Prajakta S Patil\",\"doi\":\"10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The causative factors of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are genetic as well as environmental. The Glutathione S-transferase gene family is involved in redox balance to reduce oxidative stress, which is an important factor associated with these major diabetic complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, GSTM1 and GST1 gene polymorphisms were studied in T2DM patients with three groups of 125 cases each: the 1<sup>st</sup> group DM without DN and DR, the 2<sup>nd</sup> group with DR, and the 3<sup>rd</sup> group with DN from December 2019 to January 2023. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping was conducted using gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the DM group, in the DR group, the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null genotypes were more prevalent and showed 2.68-folds (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.60-4.48; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and 2.5-folds (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.50-4.18; <i>P</i> < 0.001) increased risk of developing DR respectively. In the DN group, the GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent, with a 1.97-fold increased risk of developing DR (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26; <i>P</i> = 0.008) when compared to the DM group. However, no significant difference was found in the GSTT1 null genotype between the DN and DM groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant association between null genotypes of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 with DR and only the GSTM1 null genotype with DN suggests their roles as risk factors.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13353,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism\",\"volume\":\"29 2\",\"pages\":\"224-229\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101764/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/4/29 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_47_24","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
导读：糖尿病视网膜病变和肾病的病因既有遗传因素，也有环境因素。谷胱甘肽s -转移酶基因家族参与氧化还原平衡以减少氧化应激，这是与这些主要糖尿病并发症相关的重要因素。本研究旨在探讨谷胱甘肽s -转移酶基因（GSTM1和GSTT1）多态性与2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和糖尿病肾病（DN）的关系。方法：在本横断面研究中，研究了2019年12月至2023年1月三组（125例）T2DM患者的GSTM1和GST1基因多态性：第一组无DN和DR，第二组有DR，第三组有DN。对DNA进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）。采用凝胶电泳对GSTM1和GSTT1进行基因分型。采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果：与DM组相比，DR组中GSTT1空型和GSTM1空型更为普遍，为2.68倍(OR = 2.68；95% ci = 1.60-4.48；P < 0.001)和2.5倍(OR = 2.50；95% ci = 1.50-4.18；P < 0.001)分别增加了发生DR的风险。在DN组中，GSTM1零基因型更为普遍，发生DR的风险增加1.97倍(OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26；P = 0.008)。然而，GSTT1基因型在DN组和DM组之间没有显著差异。结论：GSTT1和GSTM1空基因型与DR的相关性显著，而GSTM1空基因型与DN的相关性显著，提示GSTT1和GSTM1空基因型与DN的相关性显著。
Relevance of Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy.
Introduction: The causative factors of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are genetic as well as environmental. The Glutathione S-transferase gene family is involved in redox balance to reduce oxidative stress, which is an important factor associated with these major diabetic complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, GSTM1 and GST1 gene polymorphisms were studied in T2DM patients with three groups of 125 cases each: the 1st group DM without DN and DR, the 2nd group with DR, and the 3rd group with DN from December 2019 to January 2023. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping was conducted using gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: Compared to the DM group, in the DR group, the GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null genotypes were more prevalent and showed 2.68-folds (OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.60-4.48; P < 0.001) and 2.5-folds (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.50-4.18; P < 0.001) increased risk of developing DR respectively. In the DN group, the GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent, with a 1.97-fold increased risk of developing DR (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26; P = 0.008) when compared to the DM group. However, no significant difference was found in the GSTT1 null genotype between the DN and DM groups.
Conclusion: The significant association between null genotypes of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 with DR and only the GSTM1 null genotype with DN suggests their roles as risk factors.
期刊介绍：
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