Shifra Levartovsky, Guy Ronen, Perry Raz, Ilan Beitlitum
{"title":"液体污染对两种种植体连接系统修复基台反向扭矩的影响:体外研究","authors":"Shifra Levartovsky, Guy Ronen, Perry Raz, Ilan Beitlitum","doi":"10.1111/cid.70056","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Introduction</h3>\n \n <p>This in vitro study investigates the impact of blood, saliva, and chlorhexidine contamination on the reverse torque values (RTVs) of healing abutments in two types of implant-abutment connections: internal hex and conical.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 88 Ti6Al4V titanium alloy dental implants were tested, comprising two types of connections: internal hex (<i>n</i> = 44, MIS Seven) and conical (<i>n</i> = 44, MIS C1). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (<i>n</i> = 11) based on the type of contamination medium used. Healing abutments were tightened onto the implant fixtures using a torque of 25 Ncm with the designated medium, followed by retightening after a 10-min interval. After a two-week incubation period, reverse torque values (RTVs) were recorded using a digital torque gauge. To assess differences between the implant systems within the same medium, as well as differences between the medium types within the same implant system, the Welch two-sample <i>t</i>-test was employed. Additionally, linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the interaction between medium types and the implant systems.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>For MIS Seven implants, RTVs were consistently lower than the initial 25 Ncm torque across all contamination groups. In contrast, for MIS C1 implants, RTVs exceeded 25 Ncm in the saliva and blood contamination groups; however, the presence of chlorhexidine reduced the RTVs. A comparative analysis revealed that the C1 conical connection required significantly higher RTVs than the Seven internal hex system (coefficient = 3.318). No significant differences were observed between implant systems in the control and chlorhexidine groups. However, the C1 system required higher RTVs than the Seven system in the presence of saliva (<i>p</i> = 0.0006) and blood (<i>p</i> = 0.00009). Furthermore, the interaction analysis indicated that in the presence of saliva and blood contamination, C1 implants required significantly higher RTVs, with mean differences of 7.18 and 4.9 (Ncm), respectively, compared to the Seven implants.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Conical implant-abutment connections generally require higher RTVs for abutment disconnection compared to internal hex connections. Both implant connection and the type of contaminant significantly affect RTVs. Chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce reverse torque for both types of connections. In contrast, contamination with saliva and blood tends to increase reverse torque, particularly for conical connections.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70056","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Fluid Contamination on Reverse Torque of Healing Abutments in Two Implant Connection Systems: In Vitro Study\",\"authors\":\"Shifra Levartovsky, Guy Ronen, Perry Raz, Ilan Beitlitum\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/cid.70056\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Introduction</h3>\\n \\n <p>This in vitro study investigates the impact of blood, saliva, and chlorhexidine contamination on the reverse torque values (RTVs) of healing abutments in two types of implant-abutment connections: internal hex and conical.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>A total of 88 Ti6Al4V titanium alloy dental implants were tested, comprising two types of connections: internal hex (<i>n</i> = 44, MIS Seven) and conical (<i>n</i> = 44, MIS C1). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (<i>n</i> = 11) based on the type of contamination medium used. Healing abutments were tightened onto the implant fixtures using a torque of 25 Ncm with the designated medium, followed by retightening after a 10-min interval. After a two-week incubation period, reverse torque values (RTVs) were recorded using a digital torque gauge. To assess differences between the implant systems within the same medium, as well as differences between the medium types within the same implant system, the Welch two-sample <i>t</i>-test was employed. Additionally, linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the interaction between medium types and the implant systems.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>For MIS Seven implants, RTVs were consistently lower than the initial 25 Ncm torque across all contamination groups. In contrast, for MIS C1 implants, RTVs exceeded 25 Ncm in the saliva and blood contamination groups; however, the presence of chlorhexidine reduced the RTVs. A comparative analysis revealed that the C1 conical connection required significantly higher RTVs than the Seven internal hex system (coefficient = 3.318). No significant differences were observed between implant systems in the control and chlorhexidine groups. However, the C1 system required higher RTVs than the Seven system in the presence of saliva (<i>p</i> = 0.0006) and blood (<i>p</i> = 0.00009). Furthermore, the interaction analysis indicated that in the presence of saliva and blood contamination, C1 implants required significantly higher RTVs, with mean differences of 7.18 and 4.9 (Ncm), respectively, compared to the Seven implants.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Conical implant-abutment connections generally require higher RTVs for abutment disconnection compared to internal hex connections. Both implant connection and the type of contaminant significantly affect RTVs. Chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce reverse torque for both types of connections. In contrast, contamination with saliva and blood tends to increase reverse torque, particularly for conical connections.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50679,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research\",\"volume\":\"27 3\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70056\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cid.70056\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cid.70056","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of Fluid Contamination on Reverse Torque of Healing Abutments in Two Implant Connection Systems: In Vitro Study
Introduction
This in vitro study investigates the impact of blood, saliva, and chlorhexidine contamination on the reverse torque values (RTVs) of healing abutments in two types of implant-abutment connections: internal hex and conical.
Methods
A total of 88 Ti6Al4V titanium alloy dental implants were tested, comprising two types of connections: internal hex (n = 44, MIS Seven) and conical (n = 44, MIS C1). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 11) based on the type of contamination medium used. Healing abutments were tightened onto the implant fixtures using a torque of 25 Ncm with the designated medium, followed by retightening after a 10-min interval. After a two-week incubation period, reverse torque values (RTVs) were recorded using a digital torque gauge. To assess differences between the implant systems within the same medium, as well as differences between the medium types within the same implant system, the Welch two-sample t-test was employed. Additionally, linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the interaction between medium types and the implant systems.
Results
For MIS Seven implants, RTVs were consistently lower than the initial 25 Ncm torque across all contamination groups. In contrast, for MIS C1 implants, RTVs exceeded 25 Ncm in the saliva and blood contamination groups; however, the presence of chlorhexidine reduced the RTVs. A comparative analysis revealed that the C1 conical connection required significantly higher RTVs than the Seven internal hex system (coefficient = 3.318). No significant differences were observed between implant systems in the control and chlorhexidine groups. However, the C1 system required higher RTVs than the Seven system in the presence of saliva (p = 0.0006) and blood (p = 0.00009). Furthermore, the interaction analysis indicated that in the presence of saliva and blood contamination, C1 implants required significantly higher RTVs, with mean differences of 7.18 and 4.9 (Ncm), respectively, compared to the Seven implants.
Conclusions
Conical implant-abutment connections generally require higher RTVs for abutment disconnection compared to internal hex connections. Both implant connection and the type of contaminant significantly affect RTVs. Chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce reverse torque for both types of connections. In contrast, contamination with saliva and blood tends to increase reverse torque, particularly for conical connections.
期刊介绍:
The goal of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research is to advance the scientific and technical aspects relating to dental implants and related scientific subjects. Dissemination of new and evolving information related to dental implants and the related science is the primary goal of our journal.
The range of topics covered by the journals will include but be not limited to:
New scientific developments relating to bone
Implant surfaces and their relationship to the surrounding tissues
Computer aided implant designs
Computer aided prosthetic designs
Immediate implant loading
Immediate implant placement
Materials relating to bone induction and conduction
New surgical methods relating to implant placement
New materials and methods relating to implant restorations
Methods for determining implant stability
A primary focus of the journal is publication of evidenced based articles evaluating to new dental implants, techniques and multicenter studies evaluating these treatments. In addition basic science research relating to wound healing and osseointegration will be an important focus for the journal.