Robert J. Vanaria, Aysham Chaudry, Angelica C. Marrero-Perez, Z. Paul Lorenc, Mark S. Nestor
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Its ability to influence mood extends beyond aesthetic improvement, offering potential therapeutic benefits in emotional regulation.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aims</h3>\n \n <p>This literature review explores the interplay between facial anatomy, emotional expression, and the potential of BoNT-A to enhance overall mood and well-being, beyond aesthetic improvement.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A literature review was conducted using PubMed with search terms like “botulinum toxin” AND “emotion.” Relevant English-language articles from 2000–present were selected based on their examination of BoNT-A's influence on mood and facial feedback. Articles not in English and lacking relevance were excluded. Citation tracking was used to identify additional studies, and insights from the authors' clinical expertise further informed the review.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 46 articles were included based on their relevance to both BoNT-A and emotional states. BoNT-A-induced muscle relaxation can prevent specific muscle contraction and thereby disrupt feedback loops that reinforce mood, potentially enhancing positive emotions and promoting overall wellbeing. Studies suggest that BoNT-A injected into the glabella region can modulate amygdala activity, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and strengthen overall emotional resilience. By modulating facial expressions, BoNT-A can also enhance social interactions, increase positive emotional contagion, and contribute to a more positive self-perception.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>BoNT-A shows promise as a novel approach to mood regulation and enhancement by altering facial feedback mechanisms. Its dual aesthetic and therapeutic benefits highlight its value in both dermatology and mental well-being.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70264","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Face of Emotion: Botulinum Toxin, Emotional Anatomy, and Mood Modulation\",\"authors\":\"Robert J. Vanaria, Aysham Chaudry, Angelica C. Marrero-Perez, Z. Paul Lorenc, Mark S. Nestor\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/jocd.70264\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Facial expressions profoundly influence emotional communication and well-being. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial muscle activity can reinforce or modulate emotional experiences. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), known for its aesthetic applications, is emerging as a modulator of mood through its effects on facial musculature and feedback mechanisms. Its ability to influence mood extends beyond aesthetic improvement, offering potential therapeutic benefits in emotional regulation.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Aims</h3>\\n \\n <p>This literature review explores the interplay between facial anatomy, emotional expression, and the potential of BoNT-A to enhance overall mood and well-being, beyond aesthetic improvement.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>A literature review was conducted using PubMed with search terms like “botulinum toxin” AND “emotion.” Relevant English-language articles from 2000–present were selected based on their examination of BoNT-A's influence on mood and facial feedback. Articles not in English and lacking relevance were excluded. Citation tracking was used to identify additional studies, and insights from the authors' clinical expertise further informed the review.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>A total of 46 articles were included based on their relevance to both BoNT-A and emotional states. BoNT-A-induced muscle relaxation can prevent specific muscle contraction and thereby disrupt feedback loops that reinforce mood, potentially enhancing positive emotions and promoting overall wellbeing. Studies suggest that BoNT-A injected into the glabella region can modulate amygdala activity, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and strengthen overall emotional resilience. By modulating facial expressions, BoNT-A can also enhance social interactions, increase positive emotional contagion, and contribute to a more positive self-perception.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>BoNT-A shows promise as a novel approach to mood regulation and enhancement by altering facial feedback mechanisms. 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The Face of Emotion: Botulinum Toxin, Emotional Anatomy, and Mood Modulation
Background
Facial expressions profoundly influence emotional communication and well-being. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial muscle activity can reinforce or modulate emotional experiences. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), known for its aesthetic applications, is emerging as a modulator of mood through its effects on facial musculature and feedback mechanisms. Its ability to influence mood extends beyond aesthetic improvement, offering potential therapeutic benefits in emotional regulation.
Aims
This literature review explores the interplay between facial anatomy, emotional expression, and the potential of BoNT-A to enhance overall mood and well-being, beyond aesthetic improvement.
Methods
A literature review was conducted using PubMed with search terms like “botulinum toxin” AND “emotion.” Relevant English-language articles from 2000–present were selected based on their examination of BoNT-A's influence on mood and facial feedback. Articles not in English and lacking relevance were excluded. Citation tracking was used to identify additional studies, and insights from the authors' clinical expertise further informed the review.
Results
A total of 46 articles were included based on their relevance to both BoNT-A and emotional states. BoNT-A-induced muscle relaxation can prevent specific muscle contraction and thereby disrupt feedback loops that reinforce mood, potentially enhancing positive emotions and promoting overall wellbeing. Studies suggest that BoNT-A injected into the glabella region can modulate amygdala activity, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and strengthen overall emotional resilience. By modulating facial expressions, BoNT-A can also enhance social interactions, increase positive emotional contagion, and contribute to a more positive self-perception.
Conclusion
BoNT-A shows promise as a novel approach to mood regulation and enhancement by altering facial feedback mechanisms. Its dual aesthetic and therapeutic benefits highlight its value in both dermatology and mental well-being.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology publishes high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of cosmetic dermatology with the aim to foster the highest standards of patient care in cosmetic dermatology. Published quarterly, the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology facilitates continuing professional development and provides a forum for the exchange of scientific research and innovative techniques.
The scope of coverage includes, but will not be limited to: healthy skin; skin maintenance; ageing skin; photodamage and photoprotection; rejuvenation; biochemistry, endocrinology and neuroimmunology of healthy skin; imaging; skin measurement; quality of life; skin types; sensitive skin; rosacea and acne; sebum; sweat; fat; phlebology; hair conservation, restoration and removal; nails and nail surgery; pigment; psychological and medicolegal issues; retinoids; cosmetic chemistry; dermopharmacy; cosmeceuticals; toiletries; striae; cellulite; cosmetic dermatological surgery; blepharoplasty; liposuction; surgical complications; botulinum; fillers, peels and dermabrasion; local and tumescent anaesthesia; electrosurgery; lasers, including laser physics, laser research and safety, vascular lasers, pigment lasers, hair removal lasers, tattoo removal lasers, resurfacing lasers, dermal remodelling lasers and laser complications.
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