Dynamic analysis of Rayleigh waves in nonlocal porous orthotropic thermoelastic medium with diffusion

This research investigates the propagation of Rayleigh waves in an orthotropic medium containing voids, employing nonlocal elasticity and the three-phase lag (TPL) model. The presence of voids, nonlocal effects, and diffusion are critical factors that significantly influence the behavior of Rayleigh waves, which are crucial for various engineering applications and geophysical explorations. The orthotropic medium’s directional dependence on mechanical properties, combined with voids, adds complexity to the wave propagation dynamics. We utilize the TPL model to incorporate phase lags in heat conduction, mechanical deformation, and mass diffusion, providing a comprehensive framework for analyzing these interactions. Normal mode analysis is employed to derive the dispersion relations and study the effects of nonlocal elasticity on wave characteristics. The inclusion of nonlocal elasticity accounts for long-range interactions, enhancing the accuracy of the model in predicting wave behavior. Our findings reveal that the presence of voids, nonlocal elasticity, and diffusion significantly impact the propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, penetration depth, and specific loss of Rayleigh waves. The TPL model effectively captures the combined effects of these factors, showing that nonlocal elasticity introduces additional complexity and dispersion in wave propagation. Diffusion tends to smooth out the wave characteristics, while the presence of voids influences the propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, penetration depth, and specific loss. This study contributes to the development of more accurate predictive models for wave propagation in complex media, with implications for materials science, structural engineering, and geophysical exploration. The results highlight the necessity of considering voids, nonlocal elasticity, and diffusion when analyzing Rayleigh wave propagation in orthotropic media.