Posterior Polar Cataracts: A Comprehensive Review of Management Strategies.

Purpose: To explore the recent updates on etiopathogenesis, clinical features, imaging modalities, and management strategies for challenging posterior polar cataracts.

Methods: A thorough review was conducted by systematically analyzing the literature published on posterior polar cataracts, including its etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, imaging modalities, surgical techniques, newer innovations and postoperative outcomes. The comprehensive search was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords such as "posterior polar cataract," "ASOCT", "UBM", "femtosecond laser," "phacoemulsification" and "complications." Articles published in English were included, with priority given to peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews. Additional references were identified through cross-referencing key publications. The gathered data were synthesized to provide an overview of current knowledge and evolving perspectives in the management of posterior polar cataracts.

Results: This mini-review comprehensively analyses and subsequently highlights the various clinical signs and imaging peculiarities seen on different investigative modalities to identify posterior polar cataracts. The information thus gathered will immensely help surgeons to effectively perform risk stratification, formulate the appropriate surgical plan, and manage patient expectations. Numerous surgical techniques have also been identified and extensively discussed to manage posterior polar cataracts in different scenarios.

Conclusion: This mini-review serves as a comprehensive guide for both trainee and practicing ophthalmologists alike, updating them on recent advances in posterior polar cataracts. It also highlights the inherent challenges and key considerations that clinicians must carefully navigate in this evolving field.