Dynamic response characterization and multi-parameter cooperative control of virtual synchronous generator

In grid-forming (GFM) energy storage power conversion systems (PCS) employing virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control, significant oscillations in active power and frequency outputs from the active power loop (APL) of the VSG are observed during fault conditions. To enhance the contribution of VSG control in ensuring active power-frequency (P-f) stability while maintaining long-term system operational stability, a multi-parameter coordinated control (MACC) strategy is proposed to address the inherent contradictions and limitations of fixed-parameter VSG control in this paper. First, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to elucidate the influence mechanisms of inertia J, damping coefficient D, and droop coefficient m on APL dynamic outputs through multiple analytical approaches. Subsequently, considering both the distinct characteristics between D and m and the correlation between m and the system's P-f characteristics, an adaptive control strategy integrating these three parameters was developed. This section further details the underlying design principles and parameter tuning methodology. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the MACC strategy under various fault scenarios were validated through rigorous simulation studies and RT-LAB platform testing.