Recent advances in polysaccharide-based edible films/coatings for food preservation: fabrication, characterization, and applications in packaging

Fruits and vegetables are highly susceptible to spoilage and deterioration after harvest due to ongoing metabolic activities and, most critically, microbial contamination, resulting in substantial losses and waste. To address the increasing consumer demand for safe, eco-friendly, nutritious, and long-shelf-life foods, polysaccharide-based edible films and coatings have emerged as an innovative and sustainable solution for food packaging. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the preparation and manufacturing methods of polysaccharide-based edible films and coatings, highlighting their key characteristics and applications. It systematically examines their classification, recent advancements, and impacts on food quality. Particular attention is given to recent innovations in active packaging, modified packaging, and intelligent packaging technologies. The review also explores the limitations of polysaccharide-based edible films and coatings in the post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables, discusses the latest developments in this field, and outlines promising future research directions. By synthesizing these insights, this paper aims to assist researchers in the food and related industries, offering valuable perspectives on the development trends of polysaccharide-based edible film and coating technology for sustainable food packaging.