Borophene and Its Composite-Based Electrochemical Sensors

Borophene is found as a monolayer of boron. It emerges as a promising 2D nanomaterial with unique characteristics like anisotropic metallic nature and direction-dependent mechanical and optical properties. High electrical conductivity, surface corrugation, high chemical reactivity, and substantially high electron mobility are the unique properties of borophene that are relevant to electrochemical sensor applications. This study encapsulates advancements in borophene-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for sensing analytes, including glucose, urea, dopamine, and arsenic toxicity in water. A succinct summary has been presented, including all significant sensor attributes, the determined limit of detection, established linear dynamic range, utilized analytical approach, and documented sensor stability. The stability concerns have been mitigated by surface passivation and encapsulation, whereas real-time applications can be advanced by collaborating with industries, developing devices, and conducting pilot tests. The article delineates the process's constraints and problems while proposing alternative techniques and remedies.