Recent advancements in fabrication strategies and applications of superhydrophobic coatings

Superhydrophobic coatings demonstrate significant potential for engineering applications due to their unique surface wettability structures. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in their structural and performance optimization,encompassing historical evolution, theoretical models, fabrication techniques, and application domains. The key theoretical frameworks and preparation methodologies are emphatically analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their hydrophobic behavior. Particularly, the representative research and future applications in corrosion resistance, oil–water separation, anti-icing, antibacterial activity, and self-cleaning are emphasized, and the key issues regarding their development and application are addressed. Furthermore, the suggestions were made for the future development direction of superhydrophobic coatings in terms of mechanical durability, theoretical models, and preparation methods. It is highlighted that superhydrophobic coatings with excellent water repellency and low adhesion capacity have promising applications in architecture, aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, and communication industries. Moreover, it is suggested to allocate more attention to the preparation of multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings so as to support their application in engineering.