Graphene-mediated surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for DNA Detection&hybridization: Breakthroughs and challenges

In response to the growing demand for advanced DNA research, the need for refined scientific methodologies has become increasingly evident. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in the application of graphene-mediated Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (G-SERS) for DNA detection and hybridization, highlighting its significant potential in biomedical fields particularly gene detection and emphasizing its crucial role in advancing genetic research. More importantly, it emphasizes the pivotal role of Au and Ag nanoparticles, with varying shapes and sizes, in enhancing signal intensity and improving analytical performance, highlighting the significant contributions of G-SERS in enhancing both the sensitivity and selectivity of DNA analysis. Furthermore, our review explores innovative hybrid approaches that integrate SERS with Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), marking a transformative shift in analytical capabilities. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of DNA analysis technologies, paving the way for future advancements in genetic research.